Visual localization after strabismus surgery is compatible with the "outflow" theory.

Strabismic patients pointed at visual targets, presented monocularly, without sight of the pointing arm. After surgical rotation of one eye in the orbit the pointing responses were shifted by a similar amount in the opposite direction in 13 out of 14 patients; this outcome corresponds to the predictions of the outflow theory of visual localization. Occasional differences between predicted and actual response shifts can be attributed to the well-known ambiguity of localization in strabismics.