| Literature DB >> 36156630 |
Pengxin Lu1,2, Gang Li1,2, Wei Zheng2, Haizhen Liang2, Jie Zhang2, Ruiping Chai3, Dingqiang Luo4, Yan Jin3, Baolin Guo5, Baiping Ma1,2.
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino contains dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins, similar to ginseng, with a host of pharmacological activities. However, its planting resources and chemical composition are quite complex. The chemical constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum vary drastically among different origins and varieties. Thus, the corresponding quality control methods also need to be different. Currently, limited information is available about the quality control of Gynostemma pentaphyllum from Fujian. A new method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection (UHPLC-CAD) was established for the determination of gypenoside XLVI and LVI in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. The major components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum were characterized using UHPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with UHPLC-CAD. The results revealed gypenoside XLVI, LVI, and their corresponding malonyl-containing acidic saponins as the main components. However, malonylgypenoside XLVI and LVI can easily remove their malonyl group and convert to gypenoside XLVI and LVI during the application of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. In this study, the samples were pretreated using alkali hydrolysis to transform the acid saponins completely, and the final contents of gypenoside XLVI and LVI were determined via UHPLC-CAD. The optimal alkaline hydrolysis, extraction, and liquid chromatography conditions were established. First, the alkaline hydrolysis conditions were optimized. The effects of the volume of ammonia and reaction time on the contents of gypenoside XLVI, LVI, malonylgypenoside XLVI, and LVI were examined. Malonylgypenoside XLVI and LVI could be transformed completely to gypenoside XLVI and LVI by standing for 24 h in an ethanol-water-ammonia (50∶46∶4, v/v/v) mixture. Furthermore, the extraction conditions were optimized. Next, effects of the different solvents, extraction time, and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction rates of gypenoside XLVI and LVI were investigated. The extraction method for Gynostemma pentaphyllum powder using the ethanol-water-ammonia (50∶46∶4, v/v/v) and a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶150 (g∶mL) for 30 min was established. Finally, a prepared test solution was separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). Acetonitrile and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution were used as the mobile phases for gradient elution. The flow rate was set to 0.5 mL/min and column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃. The separation was detected using a charged aerosol detector. Results indicated that the logarithm of the mass concentrations of gypenoside XLVI and LVI had a linear relationship with the logarithm of the peak area in the range of 9.94-318.00 μg/mL and 12.78-409.00 μg/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.9993 and 0.9995, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of gypenoside XLVI were 1.58 μg/mL and 6.36 μg/mL, respectively. The LOD and LOQ of gypenoside LVI were 2.05 μg/mL and 8.18 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of precision, repeatability, and 24 h stability were less than 2.0% (n=6). The spiked recoveries of gypenoside XLVI were 100.2%-107.2% and the RSD value was 2.4%. The spiked recoveries of gypenoside LVI were 97.9%-104.2% and the RSD value was 2.6%. The results of 16 batches of Gynostemma pentaphyllum samples indicated that the gypenoside XLVI content was 0.57%-2.57%, and gypenoside LVI content was 0.66%-2.99%. Hence, this method has high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Therefore, it can be used for quality research and quality control of Gynostemma pentaphyllum from Fujian.Entities:
Keywords: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino from Fujian; gypenoside LVI; gypenoside XLVI; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector (UHPLC-CAD)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 36156630 PMCID: PMC9520372 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.01024
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图 1绞股蓝皂苷XLVI和LVI的结构式
绞股蓝样品信息
| No. | Source | Specification | Wild or cultivation | Collection time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | wild | 2018.09 |
| S2 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | wild | 2018.12 |
| S3 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2019.10 |
| S4 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2019.10 |
| S5 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2019.10 |
| S6 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | wild | 2019.10 |
| S7 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2019.10 |
| S8 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2019.10 |
| S9 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2019.10 |
| S10 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | wild | 2019.10 |
| S11 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2021.05 |
| S12 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2021.05 |
| S13 | Nanjing, Fujian (福建南靖) | crude drug | cultivation | 2020.08 |
| S14 | Changtai, Fujian (福建长泰) | commercial tea | cultivation | 2021.06 |
| S15 | Changtai, Fujian (福建长泰) | commercial tea | cultivation | 2021.09 |
| S16 | Changtai, Fujian (福建长泰) | commercial tea | cultivation | 2021.06 |
图 2绞股蓝样品的(a) UHPLC-CAD分析色谱图和(b) UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析基峰图
绞股蓝样品中主要的化学成分
| No. | tR/ | [M+HCOO]- | [M-H]-
| Formula | Mass error | Fragment ions (m/z) | Identification | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.31 | 1139.5815 | 1093.5768 | C53H90O23 | -2.7 | 931.5248, 799.4843, 637.4322, 475.3796 | gypenoside LVI | standard |
| 2 | 9.68 | - | 1179.5765 | C56H92O26 | -3.4 | 1135.5875, 1093.5769, 931.5251, 799.4869, | malonylgypenoside | [ |
| 637.4330, 475.3795 | LVI | |||||||
| 3 | 10.86 | 1007.5393 | 961.5349 | C48H82O19 | -2.3 | 799.4833, 637.4313, 475.3790 | gypenoside XLVI | standard |
| 4-1 | 11.28 | - | 1047.5348 | C51H84O22 | -2.8 | 1003.5456, 961.5353, 799.4845, 637.4318, | malonylgypenoside | [ |
| 475.3795 | XLVI | |||||||
| 4-2 | 11.28 | 1123.5870 | 1077.5837 | C53H90O22 | 0.8 | 945.5414, 783.4849, 459.3837 | gypenoside IV | [ |
| 5 | 15.64 | 977.5294 | 931.5249 | C47H80O18 | -1.7 | 799.4980, 637.4367, 475.3831 | gypenoside LVII | [ |
| 6 | 17.58 | 845.4882 | 799.4839 | C42H72O14 | -0.5 | 637.4319, 475.3790 | gypenoside XLV | [ |
| 7 | 21.03 | 815.4780 | 769.4724 | C41H70O13 | -1.4 | 637.4319, 475.3820 | gypenoside LXXVII | [ |
| 8 | 23.63 | 683.4365 | 637.4297 | C36H62O9 | -1.9 | 475.3859 | gynosaponin TN1 | [ |
图 3色谱峰4在负离子(a)低能量和(b)高能量模式下的质谱图
图 4绞股蓝样品S10在含4%氨水提取溶剂中反应24 h(a)前、(b)后的色谱图
图 5碱水解后不同批次绞股蓝样品的UHPLC-CAD色谱图
图 6(a)绞股蓝样品和(b)混合对照品的UHPLC-CAD色谱图
绞股蓝皂苷XLVI与LVI的线性方程、线性范围、相关系数、检出限和定量限
| Compound | Linear equation | Linear range (μg/mL) | r | LOD/(μg/mL) | LOQ/(μg/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XLVI | Y=0.8334X-1.4707 | 9.94-318.00 | 0.9993 | 1.58 | 6.36 |
| LVI | Y=0.7993X-1.4304 | 12.78-409.00 | 0.9995 | 2.05 | 8.18 |
Y: logarithm of peak area; X: logarithm of mass concentration.
不同批次绞股蓝样品中绞股蓝皂苷XLVI和 LVI的含量(n=3)
| Sample | XLVI | LVI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content/% | RSD/% | Content/% | RSD/% | ||
| S1 | 0.57 | 3.23 | 0.84 | 2.56 | |
| S2 | 1.09 | 1.62 | 0.93 | 0.64 | |
| S3 | 1.88 | 3.55 | 1.61 | 2.37 | |
| S4 | 1.44 | 0.88 | 2.05 | 1.64 | |
| S5 | 1.52 | 0.85 | 1.98 | 0.07 | |
| S6 | 0.81 | 2.41 | 0.88 | 3.63 | |
| S7 | 1.17 | 0.66 | 0.96 | 0.76 | |
| S8 | 2.01 | 2.61 | 1.81 | 0.78 | |
| S9 | 1.68 | 1.85 | 2.27 | 1.46 | |
| S10 | 1.16 | 0.20 | 1.49 | 1.15 | |
| S11 | 1.17 | 1.95 | 0.98 | 1.68 | |
| S12 | 1.01 | 1.07 | 0.84 | 1.32 | |
| S13 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 0.66 | 0.79 | |
| S14 | 2.57 | 2.59 | 2.99 | 2.45 | |
| S15 | 2.16 | 1.83 | 2.05 | 1.70 | |
| S16 | 2.12 | 0.82 | 2.10 | 1.43 | |