Ultrastructural Immunocytochemistry of GABAergic Cells in Neocortical Neurotransplants.

Neural transplantation is a promising regenerative therapy in the treatment of several neurological diseases. Importantly, transplanted tissue should not become a source of pathological functional activity. To assess the possibility of maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory processes, an electron microscopic immunochemical study of the GABAergic system in rat neocortical transplants was performed. Accumulation of GABA-positive label in astrocytes and a relatively insignificant immune reaction to GABA in neurons and synaptic endings were found. These findings suggest that under conditions of impaired differentiation of GABA-containing neurons that generate phasic inhibition through inhibitory synapses, tonic inhibitory influences predominate in neurotransplants due to GABA released from astrocytes.