| Literature DB >> 35966434 |
Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro1, Juliette Cieslinski1, Julia Bertol2, Ana Laura Schumacher2, João Paulo Telles2, Felipe Francisco Tuon1.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for 16S rDNA gene screening using sonicated fluid from orthopedic implants. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 73 sonicated fluids obtained from patients with infection associated with orthopedic implants. The samples were subjected to conventional culture and molecular testing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and qPCR for 16S rDNA . The cycle threshold values were used to define a cut-off of the qPCR of the 16S rDNA for negative and positive cultures. Results No statistical differences were observed between the positive and negative culture groups based on the time from the first surgery to infection ( p = 0.958), age ( p = 0.269), or general comorbidities. Nevertheless, a statistical difference was found between the mean duration of antibiotic use before device removal (3.41 versus 0.94; p = 0.016). Bacterial DNA was identified in every sample from the sonicated fluids. The median cycle thresholds of the positive and negative cultures were of 25.6 and 27.3 respectively ( p < 0.001). As a diagnostic tool, a cycle threshold cut-off of 26.89 demonstrated an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.877 ( p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion The presence of antimicrobial agents for more than 72 hours decreased culture positivity, but did not influence the qPCR results. Despite this, amplification of the 16S rDNA may overestimate infection diagnosis. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: infections; prostheses and implants; qPCR; sonication; spectrometry, mass, matrix-sssisted laser desorption-ionization
Year: 2021 PMID: 35966434 PMCID: PMC9365468 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732386
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with infection and negative or positive cultures of sonicated orthopedic devices
| Negative culture | Positive culture | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 34 | n = 39 | ||||||
| Mean or N | Standard deviation or % | Median | Mean or N | Standard deviation or % | Median | ||
| Cycle threshold | 27.22 | 0.89 | 27.35 | 24.51 | 3.14 | 25.64 | < 0.001 |
| Time from surgery to infection (days) | 1,649 | 7,355 | 126 | 2,715 | 9,158 | 240 | 0.958 |
| Age (years) | 55.82 | 18.58 | 57.50 | 51.12 | 17.37 | 48.00 | 0.269 |
| Duration of the antibiotic therapy before implant removal (days) | 3.41 | 5.96 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 1.65 | 1.00 | 0.016 |
| Sonicated device | |||||||
|
| 15 | 44% | 9 | 23% | |||
|
| 3 | 9% | 5 | 13% | |||
|
| 0 | 0% | 1 | 3% | |||
|
| 4 | 12% | 9 | 23% | |||
|
| 8 | 24% | 9 | 23% | |||
|
| 3 | 9% | 6 | 15% | |||
|
| 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | |||
| Male gender | 23 | 68% | 27 | 69% | 0.542 | ||
| Trauma | 13 | 38% | 14 | 36% | 0.514 | ||
| Smoking | 4 | 12% | 6 | 15% | 0.460 | ||
| HIV | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 | 15% | 6 | 15% | 0.274 | ||
| Chronic renal failure | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Hearth failure | 2 | 6% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1 | 3% | 3 | 8% | 0.361 | ||
| Previous stroke | 2 | 6% | 3 | 8% | 0.566 | ||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Arterial hypertension | 15 | 44% | 13 | 33% | 0.241 | ||
| Neoplasm | 0 | 0% | 1 | 3% | − | ||
| Liver diseases | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Antibiotic therapy prior material sampling | 16 | 47% | 14 | 36% | 0.233 | ||
Etiology of positive cultures from sonicated orthopedic devices from patients with infection
| Microorganism | N | |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | ||
|
Methicillin-susceptible
| 17 | |
|
Methicillin-resistant
| 7 | |
|
| 1 | |
| Gram-negative bacilli | 10 | |
| 2 | ||
|
| 1 | |
| 2 | ||
|
| 2 | |
|
| 1 | |
|
| 2 | |
| Mixed | 4 | |
| 1 | ||
| 1 | ||
| 1 | ||
| 1 | ||
Fig. 1Receiver operating characteristic curve of the cycle threshold of 26.9 to separate positive and negative cultures from the sonicated fluid of orthopedic devices.
Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of different cycle threshold (Ct) values, considering culture positive infections versus culture negative infections
| Ct value | 26.25 | 26.89 | 27.17 | 27.45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 62% | 79% | 90% | 97% |
|
| 94% | 85% | 68% | 47% |
|
| 92% | 86% | 76% | 68% |
|
| 68% | 78% | 85% | 94% |
|
| 77% | 82% | 79% | 74% |
Características clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes com infecção e cultura negativa ou positiva dos dispositivos ortopédicos sonicados
| Cultura negativa | Cultura positiva | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 34 | n = 39 | ||||||
| Média ou N | Desvio padrão ou % | Mediana | Média ou N | Desvio padrão ou % | Mediana |
Valor de
| |
| Limiar do ciclo | 27,22 | 0,89 | 27,35 | 24,51 | 3,14 | 25,64 | < 0,001 |
| Tempo da cirurgia até a infecção (dias) | 1.649 | 7.355 | 126 | 2.715 | 9.158 | 240 | 0,958 |
| Idade (anos) | 55,82 | 18,58 | 57,50 | 51,12 | 17,37 | 48,00 | 0,269 |
| Duração da antibioterapia antes da remoção do implante (dias) | 3,41 | 5,96 | 1,00 | 0,94 | 1,65 | 1,00 | 0,016 |
| Dispositivo sonicado | |||||||
|
| 15 | 44% | 9 | 23% | |||
|
| 3 | 9% | 5 | 13% | |||
|
| 0 | 0% | 1 | 3% | |||
|
| 4 | 12% | 9 | 23% | |||
|
| 8 | 24% | 9 | 23% | |||
|
| 3 | 9% | 6 | 15% | |||
|
| 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | |||
| Sexo masculino | 23 | 68% | 27 | 69% | 0,542 | ||
| Trauma | 13 | 38% | 14 | 36% | 0,514 | ||
| Tabagismo | 4 | 12% | 6 | 15% | 0,460 | ||
| HIV | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 | 15% | 6 | 15% | 0,274 | ||
| Insuficiência renal crônica | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Insuficiência cardíaca | 2 | 6% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Doença vascular periférica | 1 | 3% | 3 | 8% | 0,361 | ||
| Acidente vascular cerebral prévio | 2 | 6% | 3 | 8% | 0,566 | ||
| Doença pulmonar crônica | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Hipertensão arterial | 15 | 44% | 13 | 33% | 0,241 | ||
| Neoplasia | 0 | 0% | 1 | 3% | − | ||
| Doenças hepáticas | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | − | ||
| Antibioterapia sob amostra | 16 | 47% | 14 | 36% | 0,233 | ||
Etiologia da cultura positiva dos dispositivos ortopédicos sonicados de pacientes com infecção
| Microrganismos | N | |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | ||
| 17 | ||
| 7 | ||
|
| 1 | |
| Bacilos Gram-negativos | 10 | |
| 2 | ||
|
| 1 | |
| 2 | ||
|
| 2 | |
|
| 1 | |
|
| 2 | |
| Mistos | 4 | |
| 1 | ||
| 1 | ||
| 1 | ||
| 1 | ||
Fig. 1Curva da característica de operação do receptor do limiar do ciclo de 26,9, para separar as culturas positivas e negativas a partir do fluido sonicado dos dispositivos ortopédicos.
Valor preditivo positivo (VPP), valor preditivo negativo (VPN), sensibilidade, especificidade, e precisão de diferentes valores do limiar do ciclo (Ct), considerando as infecções positivas para cultura versus as negativas
| Valor Ct | 26,25 | 26,89 | 27,17 | 27,45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 62% | 79% | 90% | 97% |
|
| 94% | 85% | 68% | 47% |
|
| 92% | 86% | 76% | 68% |
|
| 68% | 78% | 85% | 94% |
|
| 77% | 82% | 79% | 74% |