Monyse de Nóbrega1, Mariana Bisarro Dos Reis2, Érica Romão Pereira1, Marilesia Ferreira de Souza1, Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus3. 1. Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil. 2. Barretos Cancer Hospital (Molecular Oncology Research Center), Barretos, SP, CEP 14784-400, Brazil. 3. Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil. ilcecolus@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the 4th most diagnosed cancer and the 8th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, clinical risk stratification models including factors like PSA levels, Gleason score, and digital rectal examination are used for this purpose. There is a need for novel biomarkers that can distinguish between indolent and aggressive pathology and reduce the risk of overdiagnosis/overtreatment. Liquid biopsy has a non-invasive character, can lead to less morbidity and provide new biomarkers, such as miRNAs, that regulate diverse important cellular processes. Here, we report an extended revision about the role of cell-free and exosomal miRNAs (exomiRNAs) as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of PCa. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted focusing on the usefulness, advantages, and clinical applications of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum and plasma. Using PubMed database 53 articles published between 2012 and 2021 were selected and discussed from the perspective of their use as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for PCa. RESULTS: We identify 119 miRNAs associated with PCa development and the cell-free and exosomal miR-21, miR-141, miR-200c, and miR-375 were consistently associated with progression in multiple cohorts/studies. However, standardized experimental procedures, and well-defined and clinically relevant cohort studies are urgently needed to confirm the biomarker potential of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma. CONCLUSION: Cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma are promising tools for be used as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnostic, prognosis, therapy improvement and clinical outcome prediction in PCa patients.
PURPOSE: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the 4th most diagnosed cancer and the 8th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, clinical risk stratification models including factors like PSA levels, Gleason score, and digital rectal examination are used for this purpose. There is a need for novel biomarkers that can distinguish between indolent and aggressive pathology and reduce the risk of overdiagnosis/overtreatment. Liquid biopsy has a non-invasive character, can lead to less morbidity and provide new biomarkers, such as miRNAs, that regulate diverse important cellular processes. Here, we report an extended revision about the role of cell-free and exosomal miRNAs (exomiRNAs) as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of PCa. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted focusing on the usefulness, advantages, and clinical applications of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum and plasma. Using PubMed database 53 articles published between 2012 and 2021 were selected and discussed from the perspective of their use as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for PCa. RESULTS: We identify 119 miRNAs associated with PCa development and the cell-free and exosomal miR-21, miR-141, miR-200c, and miR-375 were consistently associated with progression in multiple cohorts/studies. However, standardized experimental procedures, and well-defined and clinically relevant cohort studies are urgently needed to confirm the biomarker potential of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma. CONCLUSION: Cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma are promising tools for be used as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnostic, prognosis, therapy improvement and clinical outcome prediction in PCa patients.
Authors: Ali H Alhasan; Alexander W Scott; Jia J Wu; Gang Feng; Joshua J Meeks; C Shad Thaxton; Chad A Mirkin Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2016-09-06 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Guillemette E Benoist; Inge M van Oort; Emmy Boerrigter; Gerald W Verhaegh; Onno van Hooij; Levi Groen; Frank Smit; Pieter de Mol; Paul Hamberg; Vincent O Dezentjé; Niven Mehra; Winald Gerritsen; Diederik M Somford; Nielka P H van Erp; Jack A Schalken Journal: Clin Chem Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 8.327