| Literature DB >> 35903835 |
Chenhui Lu1, Yi Zhang1, Yujie Su1, Wenlong Wang1, Yongwei Feng2.
Abstract
Amino acids are important building blocks of proteins in the human body, which are involved in many metabolic pathways. Patients with metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, and hepatic encephalopathy are genetically defective and cannot metabolize aromatic amino acids (AAA) in food; hence, a regular diet may lead to permanent physiological damage. For this reason, it is necessary to restrict the intake of AAA in their daily diet by limiting natural protein intake, while ensuring normal intake of low protein foods and supplementation with low-AAA protein equivalents. Sources of low-AAA protein equivalents currently rely on free amino acid complex mixtures and low-AAA peptides (also known as high-Fischer-ratio peptides), which have better absorption availability and palatability. AAA separation and analysis techniques are essential for the preparation and detection of low-AAA peptides. Researchers in this field have explored a variety of efficient adsorption materials to selectively remove AAA from complex protein hydrolysates and thus prepare low-AAA peptide foods, or to establish analysis strategies for AAA. Covering more than 70 publications on AAA removal and separation in the last decade from Web of Science Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, this review analyzes the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of AAA, and summarizes the technological progress of AAA removal based on adsorbents such as activated carbon and resin. The applications of two-dimensional nanomaterials, molecular imprinting, cyclodextrins, and metal-organic frameworks in AAA adsorption and analysis from three dimensions, i. e., sample pretreatment, chiral separation and adsorption sensing, are also reviewed. The mainstream adsorbents for AAA removal, such as activated carbon, still suffer from poor specificity and cause environmental pollution during post-use treatment. Existing AAA separating materials show impressive selective adsorption capability in food samples and chiral mixtures as well as high sensitivity in adsorption sensing. The development of an efficient detection technology for AAA may help in detecting trace AAA in food and in evaluating chiral AAA adulteration in food samples. By exploring the advantages and disadvantages of each type of technology, we provide support for the advancement of the removal and analysis techniques for AAA.Entities:
Keywords: adsorption; aromatic amino acids; removal; review; separation
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35903835 PMCID: PMC9404096 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.04011
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图 1AAA的结构式
图2Phe与活性炭相互作用示意图
以活性炭为吸附剂制备的高F值寡肽
| Raw materials | Proteases | Adsorbents | Fischer ratio | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corn | alkaline protease, neutral protease | activated carbon | 21.92 | [ |
| Corn | bacillus natto alkaline protease | modified activated carbon | 21.80 | [ |
| Crude corn peptides | α-chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A | activated carbon (different type) | 41.87 | [ |
| Tuna | pepsin, flavor protease | activated carbon (200 mesh) | 30.33 | [ |
| Chlamys farreri | compound protease, flavor protease | activated carbon (200 mesh) | 34.73 | [ |
| Antarctic krill | alkaline protease, flavor protease | activated carbon | 21.12 | [ |
| Minced squid | pepsin, flavor protease | activated carbon (50 mesh) | / | [ |
| Yeast | α-chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A | modified activated carbon | 30.00-40.00 | [ |
| Soy protein | alkaline protease, flavor protease | activated carbon (different type) | 18.90 | [ |
| Grass carp | pancreatin, papain | activated carbon (different type) | / | [ |
| Pearl oyster | pancreatin | activated carbon | 24.58 | [ |
| Goat milk | pepsin, flavor protease | activated carbon (200 mesh) | 26.32 | [ |
/ indicates no relevant data mentioned in the reference. Fischer ratio means the molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to AAA.
部分材料在AAA特异性分离分析中的应用
| Application | Target | Sample | Adsorbent | Analytical method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | L-AAA | protein hydrolysate | MOFs | HPLC | [ |
| pretreatment | AAA | lily | MWCNTs and MOFs composite | HPLC | [ |
| L-Trp | black sesame seed | GO@SiO2 | HPLC | [ | |
| AAA | AAA aqueous solution | ZIF-8@β-CDPs | / | [ | |
| Chiral | L-Phe | D,L-Phe; D,L-Trp | L-Phe-imprinted cryogel cartridge | FPLC | [ |
| separation | L-AAA | D,L-AAA mixture | surface functionalized magnetic nanoparticles | HPLC | [ |
| D-Phe | D,L-Phe mixture | D,L-Ala-CD/SiO2 | absorption spectroscopy | [ | |
| Adsorption- | L-Phe | artificial plasma | L-Phe imprinted SPR sensor | SPR | [ |
| sensing | Phe, Tyr | standard solution | Ni@CNFs@Au | SERS | [ |
| Phe | AAA aqueous solution | pyrene@2βCD | absorption spectroscopy | [ | |
| L-AAA | milk | bi-enzyme nanocomposite film-based biosensor | amperometric measurements | [ |
/ indicates no relevant data mentioned in the reference. MOFs: metal-organic frameworks; MWCNTs: multi-walled carbon nanotubes; GO: graphene oxide; ZIF-8: zeolitic imidazolate framework-8; β-CDPs: β-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres; CNFs: carbon nanofibers; FPLC: fast protein liquid chromatography; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; SERS: surface-enhanced raman scattering.
图3Phe与铜原子发生吸附作用的示意图