Mehmet Cevik1,2, Hamidu Hamisi Gobeka3, Orhan Aydemir2. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Faculty of Medicine, Agri, Turkey. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. hgobeka@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivities, as well as apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and determine how neferine affected these parameters. METHODS: Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups of seven. Fasting blood glucose was measured 72 h after diabetes mellitus (DM) induction in 21 rats using 60 mg/kg STZ dissolved in 0.4 ml (0.1 M) sodium-citrate buffer (pH:4.5), with values > 250 mg/dl considered diabetic. Group 1 received no treatment. Group 3 (healthy rats) received daily intraperitoneal (IP) 4 mg/kg neferine. Following DM induction: Group 2 (sham) received daily IP 0.25 ml/kg 0.9% normal saline; Group 4 received single IP 0.01 mL (2.5 mg/kg) bevacizumab, followed by daily IP 0.25 mL/kg 0.9% normal saline; and Group 5 received daily IP 4 mg/kg neferine. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in serum and ocular tissue homogenates were evaluated using ELISA. TUNEL method was used for determining apoptosis and immuno-histochemical staining for PCNA and VEGF immunoreactivities. RESULTS: Group 5 had significantly higher TAC and lower TOS in serum and ocular tissue homogenates than Group 4 (p < 0.05). Despite significantly lower VEGF levels and apoptosis (p < 0.05), there was no significant change in PCNA immunoreactivity in Group 5 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DM was associated with lower TAC, higher TOS and apoptotic cells, as well as VEGF and PCNA immunoreactivities in the retina. Neferine altered parameters other than PCNA in the opposite direction, demonstrating reductive effects on DM.
PURPOSE: To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivities, as well as apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and determine how neferine affected these parameters. METHODS: Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups of seven. Fasting blood glucose was measured 72 h after diabetes mellitus (DM) induction in 21 rats using 60 mg/kg STZ dissolved in 0.4 ml (0.1 M) sodium-citrate buffer (pH:4.5), with values > 250 mg/dl considered diabetic. Group 1 received no treatment. Group 3 (healthy rats) received daily intraperitoneal (IP) 4 mg/kg neferine. Following DM induction: Group 2 (sham) received daily IP 0.25 ml/kg 0.9% normal saline; Group 4 received single IP 0.01 mL (2.5 mg/kg) bevacizumab, followed by daily IP 0.25 mL/kg 0.9% normal saline; and Group 5 received daily IP 4 mg/kg neferine. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in serum and ocular tissue homogenates were evaluated using ELISA. TUNEL method was used for determining apoptosis and immuno-histochemical staining for PCNA and VEGF immunoreactivities. RESULTS: Group 5 had significantly higher TAC and lower TOS in serum and ocular tissue homogenates than Group 4 (p < 0.05). Despite significantly lower VEGF levels and apoptosis (p < 0.05), there was no significant change in PCNA immunoreactivity in Group 5 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DM was associated with lower TAC, higher TOS and apoptotic cells, as well as VEGF and PCNA immunoreactivities in the retina. Neferine altered parameters other than PCNA in the opposite direction, demonstrating reductive effects on DM.
Authors: Rupert R A Bourne; Gretchen A Stevens; Richard A White; Jennifer L Smith; Seth R Flaxman; Holly Price; Jost B Jonas; Jill Keeffe; Janet Leasher; Kovin Naidoo; Konrad Pesudovs; Serge Resnikoff; Hugh R Taylor Journal: Lancet Glob Health Date: 2013-11-11 Impact factor: 26.763
Authors: Onat Kadioglu; Betty Y K Law; Simon W F Mok; Su-Wei Xu; Thomas Efferth; Vincent K W Wong Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2017-05-05 Impact factor: 5.810