Rodrigo Bruno Biagioni1, Andressa Cristina Sposato Louzada2, Luiza Ciucci Biagioni3,4, Marcelo Fiorelli Alexandrino da Silva1, Marcelo Passos Teivelis5,6, Nelson Wolosker5,6,7. 1. Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 1800, Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP, 04039-000, Brazil. 2. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Bloco A1, sala 423, Morumbi, São Paulo - SP, 05652-900, Brazil. acl604@mail.harvard.edu. 3. Hospital Santa Marcelina, R. Santa Marcelina, 177, Vila Carmosina, São Paulo - SP, 08270-070, Brazil. 4. Hospital A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Tamandaré, 753, Liberdade, São Paulo - SP, 01525-001, Brazil. 5. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Bloco A1, sala 423, Morumbi, São Paulo - SP, 05652-900, Brazil. 6. Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Av. Prof. Francisco Morato, 4293, Butantã, São Paulo - SP, 05521-200, Brazil. 7. São Paulo University Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 01246903, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lower limb amputations represent a high social, economic and health burden. Most of them are preventable and reflect areas for improvement in health care, making it essential to know their epidemiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective population-based cross-sectional analysis on all lower limb amputations performed in public hospitals in Sao Paulo between 2009 and 2020, the most populous Brazilian state, with 46 million inhabitants. Using a public database, we evaluated types, rates and trends of the amputations performed, main etiologies leading to the indication for amputation, hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality rates, demographics of the amputees and procedure costs. RESULTS: In total, 180,595 lower limb amputations and surgical revision of amputations were performed, with toe amputations (45%) and major amputations (33%) being the most frequent types of surgeries, with a recent significant increase in the rates for both these procedures. Peripheral artery disease was the most frequent etiology, followed by diabetes mellitus, with both showing an upward trend over the years. Most patients were male (69.3%), Caucasians (55.6%) and elderly. August was the month with the highest number of amputations in all years. Overall in-hospital mortality after lower limb amputations was 6.6%. Total reimbursed by the government was US$ 67,675,875.55. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral artery disease is the most frequent underlying diagnosis for lower limb amputations, followed by diabetes mellitus, with both showing an upward trend over the years. We observed seasonality in procedure rates, with peaks in August in all years.
BACKGROUND: Lower limb amputations represent a high social, economic and health burden. Most of them are preventable and reflect areas for improvement in health care, making it essential to know their epidemiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective population-based cross-sectional analysis on all lower limb amputations performed in public hospitals in Sao Paulo between 2009 and 2020, the most populous Brazilian state, with 46 million inhabitants. Using a public database, we evaluated types, rates and trends of the amputations performed, main etiologies leading to the indication for amputation, hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality rates, demographics of the amputees and procedure costs. RESULTS: In total, 180,595 lower limb amputations and surgical revision of amputations were performed, with toe amputations (45%) and major amputations (33%) being the most frequent types of surgeries, with a recent significant increase in the rates for both these procedures. Peripheral artery disease was the most frequent etiology, followed by diabetes mellitus, with both showing an upward trend over the years. Most patients were male (69.3%), Caucasians (55.6%) and elderly. August was the month with the highest number of amputations in all years. Overall in-hospital mortality after lower limb amputations was 6.6%. Total reimbursed by the government was US$ 67,675,875.55. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral artery disease is the most frequent underlying diagnosis for lower limb amputations, followed by diabetes mellitus, with both showing an upward trend over the years. We observed seasonality in procedure rates, with peaks in August in all years.
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