Zhen Ni1, Sinisa Pajevic2, Li Chen1, Giorgio Leodori3, Felipe Vial4, Alexandru V Avram5, Yong Zhang1, Patrick McGurrin1, Leonardo G Cohen6, Peter J Basser2, Mark Hallett7. 1. Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA. 2. Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA. 3. IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy. 4. Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA; Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. 5. Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, USA. 6. Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA. 7. Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA. Electronic address: hallettm@ninds.nih.gov.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuronal elements involved in the activation of corticospinal neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1). METHODS: We studied 10 healthy subjects. Cortical evoked potentials with different components induced by monophasic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior currents recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) were analyzed. RESULTS: EEG signatures with P25 and N45 components recorded at the C3 electrode with posterior-anterior current were larger than those with anterior-posterior current, while the signatures with P180 and N280 components recorded at the FC1 electrode with anterior-posterior current were larger than those with posterior-anterior current. The source localization analysis revealed that the cortical evoked potential with anterior-posterior current distributed both in the M1 and premotor cortex while that with posterior-anterior current only located in the M1. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the activation of corticospinal pyramidal neurons in the M1 is affected by various neuronal elements including the local intracortical circuits in the M1 and inputs from premotor cortex with different sensitivities to TMS in opposite current directions. SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding helped answer a longstanding question about how the corticospinal pathway from the M1 is functionally organized and activated. Published by Elsevier B.V.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuronal elements involved in the activation of corticospinal neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1). METHODS: We studied 10 healthy subjects. Cortical evoked potentials with different components induced by monophasic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior currents recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) were analyzed. RESULTS: EEG signatures with P25 and N45 components recorded at the C3 electrode with posterior-anterior current were larger than those with anterior-posterior current, while the signatures with P180 and N280 components recorded at the FC1 electrode with anterior-posterior current were larger than those with posterior-anterior current. The source localization analysis revealed that the cortical evoked potential with anterior-posterior current distributed both in the M1 and premotor cortex while that with posterior-anterior current only located in the M1. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the activation of corticospinal pyramidal neurons in the M1 is affected by various neuronal elements including the local intracortical circuits in the M1 and inputs from premotor cortex with different sensitivities to TMS in opposite current directions. SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding helped answer a longstanding question about how the corticospinal pathway from the M1 is functionally organized and activated. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cortical evoked potential; Electroencephalography; Latency; Premotor cortex; Primary motor cortex; Transcranial magnetic stimulation current direction
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