Sina R Potel1, Sara Marceglia2, Sara Meoni1,3, Suneil K Kalia4, Rubens G Cury5, Elena Moro6,7. 1. Service de Neurologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. 2. Dipartimento Di Ingegneria E Architettura, Università Degli Studi Di Trieste, Trieste, Italy. 3. Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM U1416, Grenoble, France. 4. Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Service de Neurologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. emoro@chu-grenoble.fr. 7. Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM U1416, Grenoble, France. emoro@chu-grenoble.fr.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment in several movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and Tourette syndrome. In this review, we will review and discuss the most recent findings including but not limited to clinical evidence. RECENT FINDINGS: New DBS technologies include novel hardware design (electrodes, cables, implanted pulse generators) enabling new stimulation patterns and adaptive DBS which delivers potential stimulation tailored to moment-to-moment changes in the patient's condition. Better understanding of movement disorders pathophysiology and functional anatomy has been pivotal for studying the effects of DBS on the mesencephalic locomotor region, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the substantia nigra, and the spinal cord. Eventually, neurosurgical practice has improved with more accurate target visualization or combined targeting. A rising research domain emphasizes bridging neuromodulation and neuroprotection. Recent advances in DBS therapy bring more possibilities to effectively treat people with movement disorders. Future research would focus on improving adaptive DBS, leading more clinical trials on novel targets, and exploring neuromodulation effects on neuroprotection.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment in several movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and Tourette syndrome. In this review, we will review and discuss the most recent findings including but not limited to clinical evidence. RECENT FINDINGS: New DBS technologies include novel hardware design (electrodes, cables, implanted pulse generators) enabling new stimulation patterns and adaptive DBS which delivers potential stimulation tailored to moment-to-moment changes in the patient's condition. Better understanding of movement disorders pathophysiology and functional anatomy has been pivotal for studying the effects of DBS on the mesencephalic locomotor region, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the substantia nigra, and the spinal cord. Eventually, neurosurgical practice has improved with more accurate target visualization or combined targeting. A rising research domain emphasizes bridging neuromodulation and neuroprotection. Recent advances in DBS therapy bring more possibilities to effectively treat people with movement disorders. Future research would focus on improving adaptive DBS, leading more clinical trials on novel targets, and exploring neuromodulation effects on neuroprotection.
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