In Vitro Models to Study Angiogenesis and Vasculature.

The development of vasculature in vivo is an extremely complex process that requires temporal and spatial coordination between multiple cell types to produce an effective vessel. The formation of vasculature from preexisting blood vessels, known as angiogenesis, plays important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including wound healing, organ development and growth, ischemia, inflammatory disorders, fibrosis, and cancer. Means to deconstruct these complicated biological systems are necessary to gain mechanistic insight into their development, function, and modulation that can be tested in in vivo models and ultimately the clinic. In this chapter, we will first review the classical in vitro techniques to study angiogenesis. Next, we will explore the exciting recent advances that rely on 3D multicellular systems to more accurately mimic vasculature development in vitro. Finally, we will discuss the applications of in vitro angiogenic methods to study related vasculature phenomena, such as vasculogenic mimicry.