Literature DB >> 35711034

Differences in outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation with versus without intracardiac echocardiography.

Rhea C Pimentel1, Neloufar Rahai2, Sonia Maccioni3, Rahul Khanna2.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) use can lead to early detection of periprocedural complications and may improve patient outcomes by providing real-time visualization of catheter location and the treatment area during cardiac ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF).
OBJECTIVE: Examine complications and 12-month healthcare use among patients with AF undergoing CA with versus without ICE use during the procedure in a real-world setting.
METHODS: The 2015-2020 IBM MarketScan® Database was used to identify non-elderly adults (age 18-64 years) undergoing CA for AF. Patients were classified into ICE/non-ICE groups based on the presence or absence of ICE procedure codes. Patients in each group were matched on study covariates using propensity scores. Peri-procedural complications, 12-month cardiovascular (CV) or AF-related inpatient admission, repeat CA, and cardioversion were compared using a Cox proportional hazard model.
RESULTS: 1371 patients were identified in each study cohort (ICE and non-ICE) after propensity matching. Patients who had CA with ICE had a significantly lower rate of complications than those without (2.9% vs. 5.8%; p < .001). The risk of complications was 50% lower with ICE use (hazard ratio [HR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34-0.72). For assessment of 12-month healthcare utilization, 1250 patients were identified in each cohort after propensity matching. ICE use was associated with a 36% lower risk of 12-month repeat ablation (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.49-0.83). No differences in CV- or AF-related inpatient admission and cardioversion were observed.
CONCLUSION: Among patients with AF, the use of ICE during an ablation procedure was associated with lower incidence of complications and repeat ablation.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Entities:  

Keywords:  acute ischemic stroke; atrial fibrillation; catheter ablation; intracardiac echocardiography

Mesh：

Year:  2022        PMID： 35711034      PMCID： PMC9544828          DOI： 10.1111/jce.15599

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol        ISSN： 1045-3873            Impact factor:   2.942


antiarrhythmic drug atrial fibrillation catheter ablation consumer directed health plan stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category confidence interval cardiovascular exclusive provider organization high deductible health plan health maintenance organization hazard ratio intracardiac echocardiography Institutional Review Board point of service preferred provider organization standardized mean difference United States

INTRODUCTION

The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to rise as the overall population ages. By the middle of the century, the number of individuals with AF is expected to reach 14 million in Europe, and as high as 16 million in the United States (US). The burden of AF in the Asia‐Pacific region is projected to be particularly high with an estimated 72 million patients by 2050. Timely management and treatment of patients with AF using safe and effective approaches are critical in alleviating the associated burden of disease. Recommended treatments for AF include antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs), and, for those who are refractory or intolerant to AADs, catheter ablation (CA). , , , , , Studies have shown that CA may reduce long‐term AF recurrence and can be associated with clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms and quality of life. , , , Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) provides high‐resolution real‐time visualization of cardiac structures, continuous monitoring of catheter location, and early recognition of procedural complications, such as pericardial effusion, thrombus formation, or cardiac perforation during CA. , Studies have previously suggested that CA outcomes may be further improved with the use of ICE. , , , , , , , , , , In one such report, patients with AF who underwent an ablation procedure without ICE had five times higher risk of cardiac perforation compared to those who had the procedure with ICE. Though studies have demonstrated the incremental safety benefit associated with ICE use, a comprehensive assessment of both long‐term (12‐month) outcomes and safety end points in a large real‐world sample of patients are lacking. To address this gap in the literature, we performed analysis of a nationally representative administrative claims database to evaluate differences in complications and 12‐month AF‐related healthcare use among AF patients undergoing CA with versus without ICE in a contemporary cohort.

METHODS

Data source

The 2015–2020 IBM MarketScan® Commercial Database, which is a nationally representative medical and prescription drug insurance claims database for more than 138 million people with primary coverage through privately insured health plans in the US, was used for study purposes. The database includes information on inpatient admissions, outpatient services, prescription drugs, enrollment, and costs associated with healthcare services. The New England Institutional Review Board (IRB) determined that studies conducted in IBM MarketScan® are exempt from study‐specific IRB review as these studies do not involve active human subject participation.

Study population

Patients aged 18–64 years old undergoing CA for AF treatment were identified, with first such procedure considered as index procedure. Patients were required to be continuously enrolled for 12 months before the index procedure. Patients were excluded if, in the 12‐month pre‐index period, they had a CA procedure with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AF, had surgical ablation, left atrial appendage occlusion, valvular procedure, or atrioventricular node ablation.

Study variables

The main independent variable of interest was the use of ICE during CA procedure defined by the presence or absence of ICE procedure codes during index ablation admission. Other study covariates included: age; sex; Elixhauser comorbidity score ; CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score ; sleep apnea; AAD use (amiodarone, dofetilide, flecainide, propafenone, ibutilide, sotalol, dronedarone, quinidine, and disopyramide); anticoagulant use (warfarin, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, betrixaban); geographic region (Northeast, North Central, South, West, and Unknown); insurance plan type (basic or comprehensive plan, consumer‐directed health plan/high deductible health plan, exclusive provider organization/health maintenance organization, point of service plan, preferred provider plan, or unknown insurance type); and procedure year (2016–2020).

Study outcomes

Complications (assessed among patients with index ablation between 2016 and 2020), including acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, thromboembolism, transient ischemic attack, phrenic nerve damage, pericarditis, bleeding, vascular access complications, blood transfusion, laryngospasm, mandibular joint dislocation, vagal nerve injury, were assessed within 7 days post‐discharge. Cardiac perforation was assessed within 30 days and atrioesophageal fistula and severe pulmonary vein stenosis within 90 days. A composite of all complications was also included. Appendix B lists the codes used to assess complications. Healthcare utilization was assessed within 1 year of CA (among patients with index ablation between 2016 and 2019 [to allow 12‐month follow‐up]). Utilization was assessed in the full 12 months after CA and also in the 4–12 months after CA following a standardized 90‐day “blanking period” to avoid capturing early recurrences per Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. Healthcare utilization outcomes included: AF‐related readmission, cardiovascular (CV)‐related readmission, repeat CA, or electrical cardioversion. Appendix A lists the codes considered for study attrition and outcomes.

Statistical analysis

Bivariate tests comparing the ICE and non‐ICE groups on study variables were performed using Chi‐square tests of independence for categorical variables and analysis of variance tests for continuous variables. Patients who underwent CA with versus without ICE were matched on study covariates using propensity scores. Multivariable logistic regression was used to fit the propensity score model. Balance of study covariates was assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD). Time‐to‐event analyses were used, with patients right‐censored if they died, were lost to follow‐up (defined as gap of >30 days in enrollment), or reached the end of follow‐up time without an outcome of interest. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between ICE use and study outcomes. The threshold for statistical significance was a p‐value < .05. We performed multiplicity adjustment by controlling for the false discovery rate using the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) procedure. All analyses were conducted using R for Windows, version 4.0.2.

RESULTS

Complications

A total of 19 368 patients met the criteria for the assessment of complications, with 17 997 (92.9%) in the ICE group and 1371 (7.1%) in the non‐ICE group. Supporting Information: Table S1 shows the study population attrition for the cohort. Table 1 lists the patient baseline characteristics for the ICE and non‐ICE groups before and after propensity score matching. Around a third of patients in both groups (pre‐ and post‐matching) were aged 61 years and above, and approximately 26% were female. Before matching, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the ICE cohort had sleep apnea as compared to those in the non‐ICE cohort (41.5% vs. 35.7%, p < .001, SMD = 0.120); however, after matching, no significant difference was observed (35.7% vs. 36.0%, p = .905, SMD = 0.006). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the ICE cohort had prior AAD (64.9% vs. 51.0%, p < .001, SMD = 0.277) and anti‐coagulant use (77.7% vs. 66.6%, p < .001, SMD = 0.235) in the pre‐match cohort. After matching, no significant differences were observed among the ICE and non‐ICE cohorts on prior AAD (51.0% vs. 50.8%, p = .939, SMD = −0.004) and anti‐coagulant use (66.6% vs. 68.5%, p = .308, SMD = 0.040). Overall, no significant differences on study covariates were observed among the ICE and non‐ICE cohort after propensity matching.
Table 1

Baseline characteristics of atrial fibrillation patients pre‐and post‐matching in the complications cohort

Pre‐matchPost‐match (1:1)
ICE, N = 17 997No ICE, N = 1371 p valueSMDICE, N = 1371No ICE, N = 1371 p valueSMD
Age .032.973
18–545767 (32.0)449 (32.7).015449 (32.7)449 (32.7).000
55–606612 (36.7)458 (33.4).071458 (33.4)453 (33.0)−.008
61+5618 (31.2)464 (33.8).056464 (33.8)469 (34.2).008
Female 4811 (26.7)358 (26.1).639.014358 (26.1)329 (24.0).217−.048
Elixhauser Score 4+9767 (54.3)719 (52.4).200.037719 (52.4)723 (52.7).909.006
CHADS2VASc score 2+9461 (52.6)726 (53.0).805.008726 (53.0)739 (53.9).646.019
Sleep apnea 7464 (41.5)490 (35.7)<.001.120490 (35.7)494 (36.0).905.006
AAD use 11 672 (64.9)699 (51.0)<.001.277699 (51.0)696 (50.8).939−.004
Anticoagulant use 13 979 (77.7)913 (66.6)<.001.235913 (66.6)939 (68.5).308.040
Region <.001.827
Northeast2750 (15.3)408 (29.8)408 (29.8)403 (29.4)−.008
North Central4002 (22.2)153 (11.2).352153 (11.2)139 (10.1)−.032
South8736 (48.5)575 (41.9).134575 (41.9)593 (43.3).027
West2482 (13.8)230 (16.8).080230 (16.8)233 (17.0).006
Unknown27 (0.2)5 (0.4).0365 (0.4)3 (0.2)−.024
Insurance .033.226
Basic or comprehensive616 (3.4)52 (3.8).01952 (3.8)39 (2.8)−.050
CDHP/HDHP3766 (20.9)261 (19.0).048261 (19.0)270 (19.7).017
EPO/HMO1974 (11.0)178 (13.0).060178 (13.0)162 (11.8)−.035
POS1272 (7.1)114 (8.3).045114 (8.3)101 (7.4)−.034
PPO10 047 (55.8)748 (54.6).025748 (54.6)789 (57.5).060
Unknown322 (1.8)18 (1.3).04218 (1.3)10 (0.7)−.051
Year <.001.579
20163913 (21.7)416 (30.3).187416 (30.3)410 (29.9)−.010
20173799 (21.1)318 (23.2).049318 (23.2)343 (25.0).043
20183956 (22.0)278 (20.3).042278 (20.3)274 (20.0)−.007
20193609 (20.1)238 (17.4).071238 (17.4)243 (17.7).010

Note: Data are n (%).

Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug use; CDHP, consumer‐directed health plan; CHADS2VASc, stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization; SMD, standardized mean difference.

Baseline characteristics of atrial fibrillation patients pre‐and post‐matching in the complications cohort Note: Data are n (%). Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug use; CDHP, consumer‐directed health plan; CHADS2VASc, stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization; SMD, standardized mean difference. Patients who underwent CA with ICE were less likely to experience acute coronary syndrome in the 7‐day period after the procedure compared to those who had CA without ICE (0.7% vs. 2.8%, p < .001). The two groups did not differ significantly for any other complication. Overall, patients who had CA with ICE had a significantly lower rate of composite complication compared to those who had CA without ICE (2.9% vs. 5.8%, p < .001). Results from regression analysis showed that ICE patients had a 50% lower risk of composite complication end point compared to non‐ICE patients (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.72, log‐rank p < .001). Table 2 lists the complication results for both groups.
Table 2

Complications among atrial fibrillation patients in the 90 days after catheter ablation by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) use

ICE, N = 1371No ICE, N = 1371 p valueBH adjusted critical valuea
Composite complication 40 (2.9)80 (5.8)<.001b .011
Complications within 7 days
Acute coronary syndrome10 (0.7)38 (1.8)<.001b .024
Ischemic stroke7 (0.5)4 (0.3).548.094
Hemorrhagic stroke1 (0.1)1 (0.1)1.000.118
Thromboembolism4 (0.3)10 (0.7).178.035
Transient ischemic stroke3 (0.2)4 (0.3)1.000.129
Phrenic nerve damage2 (0.2)5 (0.4).453.071
Pericarditis4 (0.3)6 (0.4).754.106
Bleeding9 (0.7)6 (0.4).437b .059
Vascular access complications2 (0.2)0 (0).500.082
Blood transfusion1 (0.1)1 (0.1)1.000.141
Laryngospasm0 (0)0 (0)n/an/a
Mandibular joint dislocation0 (0)0 (0)n/an/a
Vagal nerve injury0 (0)0 (0)n/an/a
Complications within 30 days
Cardiac perforation4 (0.3)9 (0.7).266.047
Complications within 90 days
Atrioesophageal fistula1 (0.1)0 (0)1.000.153
Severe pulmonary vein stenosis0 (0)0 (0)n/an/a

Note: Data are n (%).

Abbreviations: BH, Benjamini–Hochberg; CI, confidence interval.

Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted critical value after correction for multiple comparisons (total number of tests considered for adjustment = 17; false discovery rate of 20%). After BH adjustment, the largest p value which was lower than the BH adjusted critical value was identified. We then designated every p value smaller than this p value as significant. The adjusted values that are bolded represent significant results.

Chi‐square was used for statistical significance testing; for all other outcomes with cell sizes less than 5, Fisher's exact test was used.

Complications among atrial fibrillation patients in the 90 days after catheter ablation by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) use Note: Data are n (%). Abbreviations: BH, Benjamini–Hochberg; CI, confidence interval. Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted critical value after correction for multiple comparisons (total number of tests considered for adjustment = 17; false discovery rate of 20%). After BH adjustment, the largest p value which was lower than the BH adjusted critical value was identified. We then designated every p value smaller than this p value as significant. The adjusted values that are bolded represent significant results. Chi‐square was used for statistical significance testing; for all other outcomes with cell sizes less than 5, Fisher's exact test was used.

AF‐related healthcare utilization

A total of 16 524 patients met the criteria for the assessment of 12‐month healthcare utilization, with 15 274 (92.4%) in the ICE group and 1250 (7.6%) in the non‐ICE group. Table S2 shows the study population attrition for this cohort. Table 3 lists the patient baseline characteristics for both groups before and after propensity score matching. In the pre‐match cohort, significant differences were observed among the ICE and non‐ICE cohorts on sleep apnea, AAD use, anti‐coagulant use, region, and year of procedure. However, after matching, no significant differences were observed among the ICE and non‐ICE cohort on any study covariate.
Table 3

Baseline characteristics of atrial fibrillation patients pre‐and post‐matching in the 12‐month healthcare utilization cohort

Pre‐matchPost‐match (1:1)
ICE, N = 15 274No ICE, N = 1250 p valueSMDICE, N = 1250No ICE, N = 1250 p valueSMD
Age .085.716
18–544933 (32.3)406 (32.5)−.004393 (31.4)406 (32.5)−.022
55–605629 (36.9)426 (34.1).059445 (35.6)426 (34.1).032
61+4712 (30.8)418 (33.4)−.055412 (33.0)418 (33.4)−.010
Female 4072 (26.7)325 (26.0).635.015303 (24.2)325 (26.0).333−.040
Elixhauser Score 4+8215 (53.8)652 (52.2).281.033658 (52.6)652 (52.2).841.010
CHADS2VASc Score 2+7989 (52.3)660 (52.8).758−.010673 (53.8)660 (52.8).630.021
Sleep apnea 6281 (41.1)448 (35.8)<.001.110448 (35.8)448 (35.8)1.000.000
AAD use 9985 (65.4)644 (51.5)<.001.277633 (50.6)644 (51.5).689−.018
Anticoagulant use 11 749 (76.9)832 (66.6)<.001.220861 (68.9)832 (66.6).231.049
Region <.001.746
Northeast2402 (15.7)375 (30.0)−.311384 (30.7)375 (30.0).016
North Central3405 (22.3)142 (11.4).345136 (10.9)142 (11.4)−.015
South7305 (47.8)527 (42.2).115538 (43.0)527 (42.2).018
West2139 (14.0)201 (16.1)−.057190 (15.2)201 (16.1)−.024
Unknown23 (0.2)5 (0.4)−.0402 (0.2)5 (0.4)−.038
Insurance .216.430
Basic or comprehensive527 (3.5)46 (3.7)−.01233 (2.6)46 (3.7)−.055
CDHP/HDHP3119 (20.4)248 (19.8).015251 (20.1)248 (19.8).006
EPO/HMO1641 (10.7)150 (12.0)−.039143 (11.4)150 (12.0)−.017
POS1072 (7.0)104 (8.3)−.047114 (9.1)104 (8.3).029
PPO8643 (56.6)686 (54.9).034700 (56.0)686 (54.9).023
Unknown272 (1.8)16 (1.3).04516 (1.3)9 (0.7)−.050
Year <.001.950
20163913 (25.6)416 (33.3)−.163424 (33.9)416 (33.3).014
20173799 (24.9)318 (25.4)−.013318 (25.4)318 (25.4).000
20183956 (25.9)278 (22.2).088281 (22.5)278 (22.2).006
20193606 (23.6)238 (19.0).116227 (18.2)238 (19.0)−.022

Note: Data are n (%).

Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug use; CDHP, consumer‐directed health plan; CHADS2VASc, stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization; SMD, standardized mean difference.

Baseline characteristics of atrial fibrillation patients pre‐and post‐matching in the 12‐month healthcare utilization cohort Note: Data are n (%). Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug use; CDHP, consumer‐directed health plan; CHADS2VASc, stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization; SMD, standardized mean difference. Patients in the ICE and non‐ICE groups did not differ in rates of 12‐month inpatient admissions (0–12 months CV‐related inpatient admission rate: 9.4% vs. 10.5%, log‐rank p = .394; 0–12 months AF‐related inpatient admission rate: 4.9% vs. 6.0%, log‐rank p = .240). However, patients who had CA with ICE had a significantly lower rate of repeat ablation in the 12‐month postprocedure period compared to those who had CA without ICE (7.4% vs. 11.5%, log‐rank p = .001). No differences were observed in the rate of electrical cardioversion (10.1% vs. 8.7%, log‐rank p = .160). For all healthcare utilization outcomes, no differences were observed among the ICE and non‐ICE patients in the postblanking 4‐ to 12‐month period. Table 4 lists the results for the 0–12 and 4–12 months healthcare utilization outcomes for the ICE and non‐ICE groups.
Table 4

Healthcare utilization outcomes among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients 0–12 and 4–12 months after catheter ablation by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) use

ICE, N = 1250No ICE, N = 1250Hazard ratio95% CI p value (log‐rank)BH adjusted critical valuea
0–12 months (no “blanking” period)
CV‐related readmission117 (9.4)113 (10.5)0.900.70–1.15.394.100
AF‐related readmission61 (4.9)75 (6.0)0.820.58–1.15.240.075
Repeat catheter ablation93 (7.4)144 (11.5)0.640.49–0.83<.001 .025
Electrical cardioversion126 (10.1)109 (8.7)1.200.93–1.55.160.050
4–12 months (with “blanking” period)
CV‐related readmission61 (4.9%)64 (5.1)0.980.69–1.39.905.200
AF‐related readmission32 (2.6)31 (2.5)1.060.65–1.74.812.150
Repeat catheter ablation66 (5.3)71 (5.7)0.960.69–1.34.812.175
Electrical cardioversion46 (3.7)43 (3.4)1.110.73–1.68.624.125

Note: Data are n (%).

Abbreviations: BH, Benjamini–Hochberg; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular.

Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted critical value after correction for multiple comparisons (total number of tests considered for adjustment = 8; false discovery rate of 20%). After BH adjustment, the largest p value which was lower than the BH adjusted critical value was identified. We then designated every p value smaller than this p value as significant. The adjusted values that are bolded represent significant results.

Healthcare utilization outcomes among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients 0–12 and 4–12 months after catheter ablation by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) use Note: Data are n (%). Abbreviations: BH, Benjamini–Hochberg; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular. Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted critical value after correction for multiple comparisons (total number of tests considered for adjustment = 8; false discovery rate of 20%). After BH adjustment, the largest p value which was lower than the BH adjusted critical value was identified. We then designated every p value smaller than this p value as significant. The adjusted values that are bolded represent significant results. Results from regression analysis revealed no significant differences in 0–12 months or postblanking 4–12 months CV‐ and AF‐related inpatient admissions and electrical cardioversion among the two study groups. Patients who had CA with ICE had a 36% lower risk of 12‐month repeat ablation compared to those who had CA without ICE (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49–0.83). The two groups did not differ significantly in the rate of repeat ablation for the postblanking 4‐ to 12‐month period (Table 4).

DISCUSSION

In this real‐world study of non‐elderly adult patients with AF, those who underwent an ablation procedure with ICE were 50% less likely to have complication compared to patients who underwent ablation without ICE. Further, patients who underwent CA with ICE had a 36% lower risk of repeat CA in the 12‐month postablation period compared to those who had CA without ICE. Other healthcare utilization outcomes, including inpatient admissions and electrical cardioversion, were not significantly different among the ICE and non‐ICE groups. Several studies have documented the potential for ICE use to reduce ablation‐related complications by allowing for visualization of the treatment area and early detection of periprocedural complications. , , , , , , , , , In their analysis of a US hospital discharge database, Isath et al. observed a 28% lower risk of mortality and a 52% lower risk of procedural complications among patients undergoing AF ablation with versus without ICE use, which aligns well with our results for overall complications. Our finding that patients undergoing CA with ICE are at significantly lower risk for acute coronary syndrome is also notable. To better understand this difference, we examined the distribution of acute coronary syndrome diagnosis codes among the ICE and non‐ICE cohort. Among patients in the ICE cohort that had experienced acute coronary syndrome (n = 10), 40% (4/10) had the ICD‐10‐CM code I21.3 (representing “ST elevation MI [STEMI] of unspecified site”), 30% (3/10) had the code I21.4 (non‐ST elevation MI [NSTEMI]), and the remaining patients were identified based on diagnosis codes I20.0 (Unstable angina), I21.09 (ST elevation MI [STEMI] involving other coronary artery of anterior wall), I21.02 (ST elevation MI [STEMI] involving left anterior descending coronary artery), and I24.0 (acute coronary thrombosis not resulting in MI). Among the 38 patients in the non‐ICE cohort that experienced acute coronary syndrome, almost 45% (17/38) were identified based on diagnosis code I21.4 (non‐ST elevation MI [NSTEMI]), 18% (7/38) were identified based on diagnosis code I21.19 (ST elevation MI [STEMI] involving other coronary artery of inferior wall), 13% (5/38) were identified with code I20.0 (unstable angina), and the remaining were identified based on diagnosis codes I24.8 (other forms of acute ischemic heart disease), I21.29 (ST elevation MI [STEMI] involving other sites), I21.3 (ST elevation MI [STEMI] of unspecified site), I21.09 (ST elevation MI [STEMI] involving other coronary artery of anterior wall), I21.9 (acute MI [unspecified]), and I22.1 (subsequent STEMI inferior wall). Though rare, acute coronary syndrome represents a potential life‐threatening complication that could occur during CA due to injury to the vascular wall. Having tools such as ICE that allow target precision during ablation could alleviate the risk of coronary artery syndrome. The authors hypothesize such events as thromboembolism with resultant coronary thrombosis or alternatively inadvertent aortic puncture leading to thrombus formation and coronary event to be two complications that could be averted with appropriate visualization during CA. The fact that no significant differences were observed on any other specific complications of interest may partially reflect the inadequate power due to the limited sample size. Differences in repeat ablation rates occurred with the inclusion of the blanking period suggesting potential differential in lesion quality in patients undergoing their CA with versus without ICE. To better understand this variation, we examined the difference in the rate of repeat ablation among the ICE and non‐ICE cohort during the blanking period (0–3 months). A significantly lower rate of repeat ablation was observed during the blanking period among patients in the ICE cohort as compared to those in the non‐ICE cohort (2.2% vs. 5.8%, p < .0001). No difference in AF‐related hospitalization rates (2.6% vs. 3.7%, p = .1073) or cardioversion (0.8% vs 0.2%, p = .0952) was seen during this time among patients in the ICE and non‐ICE cohort. These differences are likely indicative of more accurate visualization of catheter‐tissue contact with ICE use, especially in areas of complex anatomy to ensure optimal lesion creation, which potentially reduces reconduction once the edema subsides within the blanking period. As in the current study, a Medicare fee‐for‐service claims study of AF ablation by Steinberg et al. found that ICE use was associated with a lower risk of repeat ablation (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.92). Though cost was not evaluated as an outcome in the current study, it is likely that improved effectiveness of CA associated with ICE use as observed in our study, may lead to lower healthcare costs for AF management among these patients as compared to those who undergo CA without ICE. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential economic benefits of the use of ICE during ablation procedures. While ICE use for AF ablation has increased over time, evidence indicates that its adoption has been higher in the US and Canada compared to other countries. In a survey of 60 experts, 53% reported routinely using ICE; however, 87% of members from the United States and Canada indicated using ICE as compared to only 13% of those from other countries. The reasons for such wide regional variation in adoption of ICE for ablation are not fully understood and may be due to some underlying economic factors. Our study, together with evidence from prior studies, suggests that patients undergoing an ablation procedure with ICE are likely to benefit from a safety and effectiveness perspective. Further, as healthcare dollars are limited, improved outcomes with ICE use are likely to translate into improved cost savings over the long term for patients, providers, and payers.

LIMITATIONS

This study has several limitations. Since we relied on administrative claims data, which are typically generated for insurance claim adjudication purposes, important procedural details including ablation strategy, use of mapping systems, type of ablation catheter used, and procedure or fluoroscopy time were missing and could not be studied. Another confounding factor that could influence outcomes among patients undergoing ablation is hospital or provider volume. As hospital or provider identifiers are not included in the database studied, we could not control for the effect of volume in our analyses. Further, healthcare utilization was used as a proxy for clinical AF recurrence. Given the database used does not include elderly individuals, we had to restrict the upper age for our sample to 64 years of age. As such, our results may not be generalizable to elderly patients or non‐elderly adult patients with non‐private insurance (government‐sponsored insurance or self‐pay). Given the use of claims data, coding errors, missing data, and reporting bias may also be present and could have influenced study results.

CONCLUSION

In our analysis of administrative claims data for non‐elderly adult patients with AF in the US, those who had an ablation procedure with ICE had significantly lower risk of having a complication and lower likelihood of needing a repeat ablation as compared to those who had the procedure without ICE. Our results suggest ICE use is associated with the significant clinical benefit of improved safety and effectiveness in AF ablation procedures. Further consideration should be given to the cost impact of these improved outcomes on overall AF management among patients undergoing ablation procedure. Supplementary information. Click here for additional data file.
ProcedureICD‐9ICD‐10CPT
Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE)B244YZZ, B244ZZZ, B245YZZ, B245ZZZ, B246YZZ, B246ZZZ, B24DYZZ, B24DZZZ93662
Healthcare utilization outcomes/inclusion criteria
Atrial fibrillationI48.0, I48.1x, I48.2x, I48.91
Catheter ablation02553ZZ, 02563ZZ, 02573ZZ, 02583ZZ, 025K3ZZ, 025L3ZZ, 025M3ZZ, 025S3ZZ, 025T3ZZ93651, 93656
Cardiovascular‐related readmissionI00.xx‐I99.xx
Electrical cardioversion5A2204Z, 5A1201292960, 92961
Exclusion criteria
Valvular procedures35.00, 35.01, 35.02, 35.03, 35.04, 35.05, 35.06, 35.07, 35.08, 35.09, 35.10, 35.11, 35.12, 35.13, 35.14, 35.20, 35.21, 35.22, 35.23, 35.24, 35.25, 35.26, 35.27, 35.28, 35.31, 35.32, 35.33, 35.34, 35.35, 35.39, 35.41, 35.42, 35.50, 35.51, 35.52, 35.53, 35.54, 35.55, 35.60, 35.61, 35.62, 35.63, 35.70, 35.71, 35.72, 35.73, 35.81, 35.82, 35.83, 35.84, 35.91, 35.92, 35.93, 35.94, 35.95, 35.96, 35.97, 35.98, 35.99021608P, 021608Q, 021608R, 021609P, 021609Q, 021609R, 02160AP, 02160AQ, 02160AR, 02160JP, 02160JQ, 02160JR, 02160KP, 02160KQ, 02160KR, 02160ZP, 02160ZQ, 02160ZR, 021648P, 021648Q, 021648R, 021649P, 021649Q, 021649R, 02164AP, 02164AQ, 02164AR, 02164JP, 02164JQ, 02164JR, 02164KP, 02164KQ, 02164KR, 02164ZP, 02164ZQ, 02164ZR, 021708P, 021708Q, 021708R, 021708S, 021708T, 021708U, 021709P, 021709Q, 021709R, 021709S, 021709T, 021709U, 02170AP, 02170AQ, 02170AR, 02170AS, 02170AT, 02170AU, 02170JP, 02170JQ, 02170JR, 02170JS, 02170JT, 02170JU, 02170KP, 02170KQ, 02170KR, 02170KS, 02170KT, 02170KU, 02170ZP, 02170ZQ, 02170ZR, 02170ZS, 02170ZT, 02170ZU, 021748P, 021748Q, 021748R, 021748S, 021748, 021748U, 021749P, 021749Q, 021749R, 021749S, 021749T, 021749U, 02174AP, 02174AQ, 02174AR, 02174AS, 02174AT, 02174AU, 02174JP, 02174JQ, 02174JR, 02174JS, 02174JT, 02174JU, 02174KP, 02174KQ, 02174KR, 02174KS, 02174KT, 02174KU, 02174ZP, 02174ZQ, 02174ZR, 02174ZS, 02174ZT, 02174ZU, 021K08P, 021K08Q, 021K08R, 021K09P, 021K09Q, 021K09R, 021K0AP, 021K0AQ, 021K0AR, 021K0JP, 021K0JQ, 021K0JR, 021K0KP, 021K0KQ, 021K0KR, 021K0ZP, 021K0ZQ, 021K0ZR, 021K48P, 021K48Q, 021K48R, 021K49P, 021K49Q, 021K49R, 021K4AP, 021K4AQ, 021K4AR, 021K4JP, 021K4JQ, 021K4JR, 021K4KP, 021K4KQ, 021K4KR, 021K4ZP, 021K4ZQ, 021K4ZR, 021L0ZW, 021L4ZW, 021V08S, 021V08T, 021V08U, 021V09S, 021V09T, 021V09U, 021V0AS, 021V0AT, 021V0AU, 021V0JS, 021V0JT, 021V0JU, 021V0KS, 021V0KT, 021V0KU, 021V0ZS, 021V0ZT, 021V0ZU, 021V48S, 021V48T, 021V48U, 021V49S, 021V49T, 021V49U, 021V4AS, 021V4AT, 021V4AU, 021V4JS, 021V4JT, 021V4JU, 021V4KS, 021V4KT, 021V4KU, 021V4ZS, 021V4ZT, 021V4ZU, 024F07J, 024F08J, 024F0JJ, 024F0KJ, 024G072, 024G082, 024G0J2, 024G0K2, 024J072, 024J082, 024J0J2, 024J0K2, 02590ZZ, 02593ZZ, 02594ZZ, 025D0ZZ, 025D3ZZ, 025D4ZZ, 027F04Z, 027F0DZ, 027F0ZZ, 027F34Z, 027F3DZ, 027F3ZZ, 027F44Z, 027F4DZ, 027F4ZZ, 027G04Z, 027G0DZ, 027G0ZZ, 027G34Z, 027G3DZ, 027G3ZZ, 027G44Z, 027G4DZ, 027G4ZZ, 027H04Z, 027H0DZ, 027H0ZZ, 027H34Z, 027H3DZ, 027H3ZZ, 027H44Z, 027H4DZ, 027H4ZZ, 027J04Z, 027J0DZ, 027J0ZZ, 027J34Z, 027J3DZ, 027J3ZZ, 027J44Z, 027J4DZ, 027J4ZZ, 02890ZZ, 02893ZZ, 02894ZZ, 028D0ZZ, 028D3ZZ, 028D4ZZ, 02B50ZZ, 02B53ZZ, 02B54ZZ, 02B90ZX, 02B90ZZ, 02B93ZX, 02B93ZZ, 02B94ZX, 02B94ZZ, 02BD0ZZ, 02BD3ZZ, 02BD4ZZ, 02BK0ZX, 02BK0ZZ, 02BK3ZX, 02BK3ZZ, 02BK4ZX, 02BK4ZZ, 02BL0ZX, 02BL0ZZ, 02BL3ZX, 02BL3ZZ, 02BL4ZX, 02BL4ZZ, 02C50ZZ, 02C53ZZ, 02C54ZZ, 02C90ZZ, 02C93ZZ, 02C94ZZ, 02CD0ZZ, 02CD3ZZ, 02CD4ZZ, 02CF0ZZ, 02CF3ZZ, 02CF4ZZ, 02CG0ZZ, 02CG3ZZ, 02CG4ZZ, 02CH0ZZ, 02CH3ZZ, 02CH4ZZ, 02CJ0ZZ, 02CJ3ZZ, 02CJ4ZZ, 02CM0ZZ, 02CM3ZZ, 02CM4ZZ, 02LH0CZ, 02LH0DZ, 02LH0ZZ, 02LH3CZ, 02LH3DZ, 02LH3ZZ, 02LH4CZ, 02LH4DZ, 02LH4ZZ, 02LR0ZT, 02LS0ZZ, 02LT0ZZ, 02N50ZZ, 02N53ZZ, 02N54ZZ, 02N94ZZ, 02ND0ZZ, 02ND3ZZ, 02ND4ZZ, 02NF0ZZ, 02NF3ZZ, 02NF4ZZ, 02NG0ZZ, 02NG3ZZ, 02NG4ZZ, 02NH0ZZ, 02NH3ZZ, 02NH4ZZ, 02NJ0ZZ, 02NJ3ZZ, 02NJ4ZZ, 02NK0ZZ, 02NK3ZZ, 02NK4ZZ, 02NL0ZZ, 02NL3ZZ, 02NL4ZZ, 02NM0ZZ, 02NM3ZZ, 02NM4ZZ, 02Q50ZZ, 02Q53ZZ, 02Q54ZZ, 02Q90ZZ, 02Q94ZZ, 02QA0ZZ, 02QA3ZZ, 02QA4ZZ, 02QB0ZZ, 02QB3ZZ, 02QB4ZZ, 02QC0ZZ, 02QC3ZZ, 02QC4ZZ, 02QD0ZZ, 02QD3ZZ, 02QD4ZZ, 02QF0ZJ, 02QF0ZZ, 02QF3ZJ, 02QF3ZZ, 02QF4ZJ, 02QF4ZZ, 02QG0ZE, 02QG0ZZ, 02QG3ZE, 02QG3ZZ, 02QG4ZE, 02QG4ZZ, 02QH0ZZ, 02QH3ZZ, 02QH4ZZ, 02QJ0ZG, 02QJ0ZZ, 02QJ3ZG, 02QJ3ZZ, 02QJ4ZG, 02QJ4ZZ, 02QM0ZZ, 02QM3ZZ, 02QM4ZZ, 02R50JZ, 02R907Z, 02R908Z, 02R947Z, 02R948Z, 02R94JZ, 02R94KZ, 02RD07Z, 02RD08Z, 02RD0JZ, 02RD0KZ, 02RD47Z, 02RD48Z, 02RD4JZ, 02RD4KZ, 02RF07Z, 02RF08Z, 02RF0JZ, 02RF0KZ, 02RF37H, 02RF37Z, 02RF38H, 02RF38Z, 02RF3JH, 02RF3JZ, 02RF3KH, 02RF3KZ, 02RF47Z, 02RF48Z, 02RF4JZ, 02RF4KZ, 02RG07Z, 02RG08Z, 02RG0JZ, 02RG0KZ, 02RG37H, 02RG37Z, 02RG38H, 02RG38Z, 02RG3JH, 02RG3JZ, 02RG3KH, 02RG3KZ, 02RG47Z, 02RG48Z, 02RG4JZ, 02RG4KZ, 02RH07Z, 02RH08Z, 02RH0JZ, 02RH0KZ, 02RH37H, 02RH37Z, 02RH38H, 02RH38Z, 02RH3JH, 02RH3JZ, 02RH3KH, 02RH3KZ, 02RH47Z, 02RH48Z, 02RH4JZ, 02RH4KZ, 02RJ07Z, 02RJ08Z, 02RJ0JZ, 02RJ0KZ, 02RJ37H, 02RJ37Z, 02RJ38H, 02RJ38Z, 02RJ3JH, 02RJ3JZ, 02RJ3KH, 02RJ3KZ, 02RJ47Z, 02RJ48Z, 02RJ4JZ, 02RJ4KZ, 02RK07Z, 02RK0KZ, 02RK47Z, 02RK4KZ, 02RL07Z, 02RL0KZ, 02RL47Z, 02RL4KZ, 02RM07Z, 02RM0JZ, 02RM0KZ, 02RM47Z, 02RM4JZ, 02RM4KZ, 02RP0JZ, 02RQ07Z, 02RQ0JZ, 02RR07Z, 02RR0JZ, 02S00ZZ, 02S10ZZ, 02SP0ZZ, 02SW0ZZ, 02SX0ZZ, 02T50ZZ, 02T53ZZ, 02T54ZZ, 02T90ZZ, 02T93ZZ, 02T94ZZ, 02TD0ZZ, 02TD3ZZ, 02TD4ZZ, 02TH0ZZ, 02TH3ZZ, 02TH4ZZ, 02TM0ZZ, 02TM3ZZ, 02TM4ZZ, 02U507Z, 02U508Z, 02U50JZ, 02U50KZ, 02U537Z, 02U538Z, 02U53JZ, 02U53KZ, 02U547Z, 02U548Z, 02U54JZ, 02U54KZ, 02U607Z, 02U608Z, 02U60KZ, 02U707Z, 02U708Z, 02U70JZ, 02U70KZ, 02U737Z, 02U738Z, 02U73KZ, 02U747Z, 02U748Z, 02U74KZ, 02U907Z, 02U908Z, 02U90JZ, 02U90KZ, 02U937Z, 02U938Z, 02U93JZ, 02U93KZ, 02U947Z, 02U948Z, 02U94JZ, 02U94KZ, 02UD07Z, 02UD08Z, 02UD0JZ, 02UD0KZ, 02UD37Z, 02UD38Z, 02UD3JZ, 02UD3KZ, 02UD47Z, 02UD48Z, 02UD4JZ, 02UD4KZ, 02UF07J, 02UF07Z, 02UF08J, 02UF08Z, 02UF0JJ, 02UF0JZ, 02UF0KJ, 02UF0KZ, 02UF37J, 02UF37Z, 02UF38J, 02UF38Z, 02UF3JJ, 02UF3JZ, 02UF3KJ, 02UF3KZ, 02UF47J, 02UF47Z, 02UF48J, 02UF48Z, 02UF4JJ, 02UF4JZ, 02UF4KJ, 02UF4KZ, 02UG07E, 02UG07Z, 02UG08E, 02UG08Z, 02UG0JE, 02UG0JZ, 02UG0KE, 02UG0KZ, 02UG37E, 02UG37Z, 02UG38E, 02UG38Z, 02UG3JE, 02UG3JZ, 02UG3KE, 02UG3KZ, 02UG47E, 02UG47Z, 02UG48E, 02UG48Z, 02UG4JE, 02UG4JZ, 02UG4KE, 02UG4KZ, 02UH07Z, 02UH08Z, 02UH0JZ, 02UH0KZ, 02UH37Z, 02UH38Z, 02UH3JZ, 02UH3KZ, 02UH47Z, 02UH48Z, 02UH4JZ, 02UH4KZ, 02UJ07G, 02UJ07Z, 02UJ08G, 02UJ08Z, 02UJ0JG, 02UJ0JZ, 02UJ0KG, 02UJ0KZ, 02UJ37G, 02UJ37Z, 02UJ38G, 02UJ38Z, 02UJ3JG, 02UJ3JZ, 02UJ3KG, 02UJ3KZ, 02UJ47G, 02UJ47Z, 02UJ48G, 02UJ48Z, 02UJ4JG, 02UJ4JZ, 02UJ4KG, 02UJ4KZ, 02UK0KZ, 02UK3KZ, 02UK4KZ, 02UL0KZ, 02UL3KZ, 02UL4KZ, 02UM07Z, 02UM0JZ, 02UM0KZ, 02UM37Z, 02UM38Z, 02UM3JZ, 02UM3KZ, 02UM47Z, 02UM48Z, 02UM4JZ, 02UM4KZ, 02UP07Z, 02UP0JZ, 02UP0KZ, 02UP37Z, 02UP3JZ, 02UP3KZ, 02UP47Z, 02UP4JZ, 02UP4KZ, 02UQ07Z, 02UQ0JZ, 02UQ0KZ, 02UQ37Z, 02UQ3JZ, 02UQ3KZ, 02UQ47Z, 02UQ4JZ, 02UQ4KZ, 02UW07Z, 02VG0ZZ, 02VG3ZZ, 02VG4ZZ, 02VR0ZT, 02W50JZ, 02W54JZ, 02WF07Z, 02WF08Z, 02WF0JZ, 02WF0KZ, 02WF37Z, 02WF38Z, 02WF3JZ, 02WF3KZ, 02WF47Z, 02WF48Z, 02WF4JZ, 02WF4KZ, 02WG07Z, 02WG08Z, 02WG0JZ, 02WG0KZ, 02WG37Z, 02WG38Z, 02WG3JZ, 02WG3KZ, 02WG47Z, 02WG48Z, 02WG4JZ, 02WG4KZ, 02WH07Z, 02WH08Z, 02WH0JZ, 02WH0KZ, 02WH37Z, 02WH38Z, 02WH3JZ, 02WH3KZ, 02WH47Z, 02WH48Z, 02WH4JZ, 02WH4KZ, 02WJ07Z, 02WJ08Z, 02WJ0JZ, 02WJ0KZ, 02WJ37Z, 02WJ38Z, 02WJ3JZ, 02WJ3KZ, 02WJ47Z, 02WJ48Z, 02WJ4JZ, 02WJ4KZ, 02WM0JZ, 02WM4JZ, X2RF032, X2RF332, X2RF4323361, 33362, 33363, 33364, 33365, 33366, 33367, 33368, 33369, 33400, 33401, 33403, 33405, 33406, 33410, 33411, 33412, 33413, 33414, 33415, 33416, 33417, 33418, 33419, 33420, 33422, 33425, 33426, 33427, 33430, 33460, 33463, 33464, 33465, 33468, 33470, 33471, 33474, 33475, 33476, 33477, 33478, 33496, 33600, 33602, 33390, 33391, 34501
Atrioventricular node ablationN/AN/A93650
Left atrial appendage occlusion37.36, 37.9002570ZK, 02573ZK, 02574ZK, 02B70ZK, 02B73ZK, 02B74ZK, 02H73DZ, 02H74DZ, 02L70CK, 02L70DK, 02L70ZK, 02L73CK, 02L73DK, 02L73ZK, 02L74CK, 02L74DK, 02L74ZKN/A
Surgical ablation37.33, 37.3702550ZZ, 02560ZZ, 02570ZZ, 02580ZZ, 02590ZZ, 025F0ZZ, 025G0ZZ, 025H0ZZ, 025J0ZZ, 025K0ZZ, 025L0ZZ, 025M0ZZ, 02B50ZZ, 02B60ZZ, 02B70ZZ, 02B80ZZ, 02B90ZZ, 02BF0ZZ, 02BG0ZZ, 02BH0ZZ, 02BJ0ZZ, 02BK0ZZ, 02BL0ZZ, 02BM0ZZ, 02T80ZZ, 02554ZZ, 02564ZZ, 02574ZZ, 02584ZZ, 02594ZZ, 025F4ZZ, 025G4ZZ, 025H4ZZ, 025J4ZZ, 025K4ZZ, 025L4ZZ, 025M4ZZ, 02B54ZZ, 02B64ZZ, 02B74ZZ, 02B84ZZ, 02B94ZZ, 02BF4ZZ, 02BG4ZZ, 02BH4ZZ, 02BJ4ZZ, 02BK4ZZ, 02BL4ZZ, 02BM4ZZ, 02T84ZZ33250, 33251, 33252, 33253, 33254, 33255, 33256, 33257, 33258, 33259, 33261, 33265, 33266

Abbreviations: CPT, current procedural terminology; ICD‐9, International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision; ICD‐10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision.

Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMJ38.5Laryngeal spasm
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMS03.00XADislocation of jaw, unspecified – first encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS03.01XADislocation of jaw, right side – first encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS03.02XADislocation of jaw, left side – first encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS03.03XADislocation of jaw, bilateral – first encounter
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMI20.0Unstable angina
ICD‐10‐CMI21.0ST elevation MI (STEMI) of anterior wall
ICD‐10‐CMI21.01ST elevation MI (STEMI) involving left main coronary artery
ICD‐10‐CMI21.02ST elevation MI (STEMI) involving left anterior descending coronary artery
ICD‐10‐CMI21.09ST elevation MI (STEMI) involving other coronary artery of anterior wall
ICD‐10‐CMI21.1ST elevation MI (STEMI) of inferior wall
ICD‐10‐CMI21.11ST elevation MI (STEMI) involving right coronary artery
ICD‐10‐CMI21.19ST elevation MI (STEMI) involving other coronary artery of inferior wall
ICD‐10‐CMI21.2ST elevation MI (STEMI) of other sites
ICD‐10‐CMI21.21ST elevation MI (STEMI) involving left circumflex coronary artery
ICD‐10‐CMI21.29ST elevation MI (STEMI) involving other sites
ICD‐10‐CMI21.3ST elevation MI (STEMI) of unspecified site
ICD‐10‐CMI21.4Non‐ST elevation MI (NSTEMI)
ICD‐10‐CMI21.9Acute MI (unspecified)
ICD‐10‐CMI22.0Subsequent STEMI anterior wall
ICD‐10‐CMI22.1Subsequent STEMI inferior wall
ICD‐10‐CMI22.2Subsequent NSTEMI
ICD‐10‐CMI22.8Subsequent STEMI other sites
ICD‐10‐CMI22.9Subsequent STEMI unspecified site
ICD‐10‐CMI24.0Acute coronary thrombosis not resulting in MI
ICD‐10‐CMI24.8Other forms of acute ischemic heart disease
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMI63.00Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified precerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.011Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.012Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.013Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.019Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.02Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of basilar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.031Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right carotid artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.032Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left carotid artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.033Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral carotid arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.039Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified carotid artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.09Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other precerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.10Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified precerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.111Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.112Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.113Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral vertebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.119Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.12Cerebral infarction due to embolism of basilar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.131Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right carotid artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.132Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left carotid artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.133Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral carotid arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.139Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified carotid artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.19Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other precerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.20Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified precerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.211Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.212Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.213Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.219Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified vertebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.22Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of basilar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.231Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right carotid arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.232Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left carotid arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.233Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral carotid arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.239Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified carotid arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.29Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other precerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.30Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.311Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.312Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.313Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.319Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.321Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.322Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.323Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.329Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.331Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.332Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.333Cerebral infarction to thrombosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.339Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.341Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.342Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.343Cerebral infarction to thrombosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.349Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.39Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.40Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.411Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.412Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.413Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.419Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.421Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.422Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.423Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.429Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.431Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.432Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.433Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.439Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.441Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.442Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.443Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral cerebellar arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.449Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.49Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.50Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.511Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.512Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.513Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.519Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.521Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.522Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.523Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.529Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.531Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.532Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.533Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.539Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.541Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.542Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.543Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI63.549Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebellar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.59Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.6Cerebral infarction due to cerebral venous thrombosis, nonpyogenic
ICD‐10‐CMI63.8Other cerebral infarction
ICD‐10‐CMI63.81Other cerebral infarction due to occlusion or stenosis of small artery
ICD‐10‐CMI63.89Other cerebral infarction
ICD‐10‐CMI63.9Cerebral infarction, unspecified
ICD‐10‐CMI97.810Intraoperative cerebrovascular infarction during cardiac surgery
ICD‐10‐CMI97.811Intraoperative cerebrovascular infarction during other surgery
ICD‐10‐CMI97.820Postprocedural cerebrovascular infarction following cardiac surgery
ICD‐10‐CMI97.821Postprocedural cerebrovascular infarction following other surgery
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMI60.00Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified carotid siphon and bifurcation
ICD‐10‐CMI60.01Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right carotid siphon and bifurcation
ICD‐10‐CMI60.02Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left carotid siphon and bifurcation
ICD‐10‐CMI60.10Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.11Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.12Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left middle cerebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.2Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from anterior communicating artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.30Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified posterior communicating artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.31Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right posterior communicating artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.32Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left posterior communicating artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.4Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from basilar artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.50Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.51Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.52Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left vertebral artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.6Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from other intracranial arteries
ICD‐10‐CMI60.7Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified intracranial artery
ICD‐10‐CMI60.8Other nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
ICD‐10‐CMI60.9Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, unspecified
ICD‐10‐CMI61.0Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in hemisphere, subcortical
ICD‐10‐CMI61.1Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in hemisphere, cortical
ICD‐10‐CMI61.2Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in hemisphere, unspecified
ICD‐10‐CMI61.3Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in brain stem
ICD‐10‐CMI61.4Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in cerebellum
ICD‐10‐CMI61.5Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular
ICD‐10‐CMI61.6Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple localized
ICD‐10‐CMI61.8Other nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage
ICD‐10‐CMI61.9Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, unspecified
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMI26.01Septic pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI26.02Saddle embolus of pulmonary artery with acute cor pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI26.09Other pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI26.90Septic pulmonary embolism without acute cor pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI26.92Saddle embolus of pulmonary artery without acute cor pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI26.93Single subsegmental pulmonary embolism without acute core pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI26.94Multiple subsegmental pulmonary emboli without acute cor pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI26.99Other pulmonary embolism without acute cor pulmonale
ICD‐10‐CMI82.210Acute embolism and thrombosis of superior vena cava
ICD‐10‐CMI82.220Acute embolism and thrombosis of inferior vena cava
ICD‐10‐CMI82.290Acute embolism and thrombosis of other thoracic veins
ICD‐10‐CMI82.401Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.402Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.403Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of lower extremity, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.409Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.411Acute embolism and thrombosis of right femoral vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.412Acute embolism and thrombosis of left femoral vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.413Acute embolism and thrombosis of femoral vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.419Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified femoral vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.421Acute embolism and thrombosis of right iliac vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.422Acute embolism and thrombosis of left iliac vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.423Acute embolism and thrombosis of iliac vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.429Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified iliac vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.431Acute embolism and thrombosis of right popliteal vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.432Acute embolism and thrombosis of left popliteal vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.433Acute embolism and thrombosis of popliteal vein, lateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.439Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified popliteal vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.441Acute embolism and thrombosis of right tibial vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.442Acute embolism and thrombosis of left tibial vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.443Acute embolism and thrombosis of tibial vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.449Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified tibial vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.451Acute embolism and thrombosis of right peroneal vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.452Acute embolism and thrombosis of left peroneal vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.453Acute embolism and thrombosis of peroneal vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.459Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified peroneal vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.461Acute embolism and thrombosis of right calf muscular vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.462Acute embolism and thrombosis of left calf muscular vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.463Acute embolism and thrombosis of calf muscular vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.469Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified calf muscular vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.491Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of right lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.492Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of left lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.493Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of lower extremity, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.499Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of unspecified lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Y1Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right proximal lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Y2Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left proximal lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Y3Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of proximal lower extremity, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Y9Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified proximal lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Z1Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right distal lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Z2Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left distal lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Z3Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of distal lower extremity, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.4Z9Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified distal lower extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.601Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of right upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.602Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of left upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.603Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of upper extremity, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.609Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of unspecified upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.611Acute embolism and thrombosis of superficial veins of right upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.612Acute embolism and thrombosis of superficial veins of left upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.613Acute embolism and thrombosis of superficial veins of upper extremity, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.619Acute embolism and thrombosis of superficial veins of unspecified upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.621Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of right upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.622Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of left upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.623Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of upper extremity, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.629Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of unspecified upper extremity
ICD‐10‐CMI82.890Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified veins
ICD‐10‐CMI82.90Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.A11Acute embolism and thrombosis of right axillary vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.A12Acute embolism and thrombosis of left axillary vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.A13Acute embolism and thrombosis of axillary vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.A19Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified axillary vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.B11Acute embolism and thrombosis of right subclavian vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.B12Acute embolism and thrombosis of left subclavian vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.B13Acute embolism and thrombosis of subclavian vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.B19Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified subclavian vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.C11Acute embolism and thrombosis of right internal jugular vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.C12Acute embolism and thrombosis of left internal jugular vein
ICD‐10‐CMI82.C13Acute embolism and thrombosis of internal jugular vein, bilateral
ICD‐10‐CMI82.C19Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified internal jugular vein
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMG45.0Vertebro‐basilar artery syndrome
ICD‐10‐CMG45.1Carotid artery syndrome (hemispheric)
ICD‐10‐CMG45.2Multiple and bilateral precerebral artery syndromes
ICD‐10‐CMG45.3Amaurosis fugax
ICD‐10‐CMG45.8Other transient cerebral ischemic attacks and related syndromes
ICD‐10‐CMG45.9Transient cerebral ischemic attack, unspecified
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMJ98.6Disorders of diaphragm
ICD‐10‐CMS14.9XXAInjury of unspecified nerves of neck, initial encounter
ICD‐10‐CMG97.81Other intraoperative complications of nervous system
ICD‐10‐CMG97.82Other postprocedural complications and disorders of nervous system
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMI30.8Other forms of acute pericarditis
ICD‐10‐CMI30.9Acute pericarditis, unspecified
Code TypeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMI97.418Intraoperative hemorrhage and hematoma of a circulatory system organ or structure complicating other circulatory system procedure
ICD‐10‐CMI97.42Intraoperative hemorrhage and hematoma of a circulatory system organ or structure complicating other procedure
ICD‐10‐CMI97.618Postprocedural hemorrhage and hematoma of a circulatory system organ or structure following other circulatory system procedure
ICD‐10‐CMI97.620Postprocedural hemorrhage of a circulatory system organ or structure following other procedure
ICD‐10‐CMI97.621Postprocedural hematoma of a circulatory system organ or structure following other procedure
ICD‐10‐CMI97.638Postprocedural hematoma of a circulatory system organ or structure following other circulatory system procedure
ICD‐10‐CMI77.0Arteriovenous fistula, acquired
ICD‐10‐CMI97.89Other postprocedural complications and disorders of the circulatory system, not elsewhere classified
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMK22.3Perforation of esophagus
ICD‐10‐CMS27.812AContusion of esophagus (thoracic part), initial encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS27.813ALaceration of esophagus (thoracic part), initial encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS27.818AOther injury of esophagus (thoracic part), initial encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS27.819AUnspecified injury of esophagus (thoracic part), initial encounter
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMS25.421AMajor laceration of right pulmonary blood vessels, initial encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS25.422AMajor laceration of left pulmonary blood vessels, initial encounter
ICD‐10‐CMS25.429AMajor laceration of unspecified pulmonary blood vessels, initial encounter
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMS04.899AInjury of other cranial nerves, unspecified side, initial encounter
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐PCS04CC3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04CD3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04CH3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04CJ3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04CK3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04CL3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LC0DZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LC3DZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LC3ZZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LC4DZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LD0DZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LD3DZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LD3ZZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LD4DZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LH0DZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LH3DZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LH3ZZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LH4DZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LJ0DZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LJ3DZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LJ3ZZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LJ4DZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LK0DZOcclusion of Right Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LK3DZOcclusion of Right Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LK3ZZOcclusion of Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LK4DZOcclusion of Right Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LL0DZOcclusion of Left Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LL3DZOcclusion of Left Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LL3ZZOcclusion of Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04LL4DZOcclusion of Left Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QC0ZZRepair Right Common Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QC3ZZRepair Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QC4ZZRepair Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QD0ZZRepair Left Common Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QD3ZZRepair Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QD4ZZRepair Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QH0ZZRepair Right External Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QH3ZZRepair Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QH4ZZRepair Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QJ0ZZRepair Left External Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QJ3ZZRepair Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QJ4ZZRepair Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QK0ZZRepair Right Femoral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QK3ZZRepair Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QK4ZZRepair Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QL0ZZRepair Left Femoral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QL3ZZRepair Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04QL4ZZRepair Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SC0ZZReposition Right Common Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SC3ZZReposition Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SC4ZZReposition Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SD0ZZReposition Left Common Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SD3ZZReposition Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SD4ZZReposition Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SH0ZZReposition Right External Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SH3ZZReposition Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SH4ZZReposition Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SJ0ZZReposition Left External Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SJ3ZZReposition Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SJ4ZZReposition Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SK0ZZReposition Right Femoral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SK3ZZReposition Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SK4ZZReposition Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SL0ZZReposition Left Femoral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SL3ZZReposition Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04SL4ZZReposition Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC07ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC0JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC0KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC37ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC3JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC3KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC47ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC4JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UC4KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD07ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD0JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD0KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD37ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD3JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD3KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD47ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD4JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UD4KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH07ZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH0JZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH0KZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH37ZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH3JZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH3KZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH47ZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH4JZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UH4KZSupplement Right External Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ07ZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ0JZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ0KZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ37ZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ3JZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ3KZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ47ZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ4JZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UJ4KZSupplement Left External Iliac Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK07ZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK0JZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK0KZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK37ZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK3JZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK3KZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK47ZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK4JZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UK4KZSupplement Right Femoral Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL07ZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL0JZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL0KZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL37ZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL3JZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL3KZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL47ZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL4JZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04UL4KZSupplement Left Femoral Artery with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC0DZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC0EZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery with Branched or Fenestrated Intraluminal Device, One or Two Arteries, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC0ZZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC3DZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC3EZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery with Branched or Fenestrated Intraluminal Device, One or Two Arteries, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC3ZZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC4DZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC4EZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery with Branched or Fenestrated Intraluminal Device, One or Two Arteries, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VC4ZZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD0DZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD0EZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery with Branched or Fenestrated Intraluminal Device, One or Two Arteries, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD0ZZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD3DZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD3EZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery with Branched or Fenestrated Intraluminal Device, One or Two Arteries, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD3ZZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD4DZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD4EZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery with Branched or Fenestrated Intraluminal Device, One or Two Arteries, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VD4ZZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VH0DZRestriction of Right External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VH0ZZRestriction of Right External Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VH3DZRestriction of Right External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VH3ZZRestriction of Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VH4DZRestriction of Right External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VH4ZZRestriction of Right External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VJ0DZRestriction of Left External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VJ0ZZRestriction of Left External Iliac Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VJ3DZRestriction of Left External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VJ3ZZRestriction of Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VJ4DZRestriction of Left External Iliac Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VJ4ZZRestriction of Left External Iliac Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VK0DZRestriction of Right Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VK0ZZRestriction of Right Femoral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VK3DZRestriction of Right Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VK3ZZRestriction of Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VK4DZRestriction of Right Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VK4ZZRestriction of Right Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VL0DZRestriction of Left Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VL0ZZRestriction of Left Femoral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VL3DZRestriction of Left Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VL3ZZRestriction of Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VL4DZRestriction of Left Femoral Artery with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS04VL4ZZRestriction of Left Femoral Artery, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06CC3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Right Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06CD3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Left Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06CF3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Right External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06CG3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Left External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06CM3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Right Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06CN3ZZExtirpation of Matter from Left Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LC0DZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LC3DZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LC3ZZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LC4DZOcclusion of Right Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LD0DZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LD3DZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LD3ZZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LD4DZOcclusion of Left Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LF0DZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LF3DZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LF3ZZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LF4DZOcclusion of Right External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LG0DZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LG3DZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LG3ZZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LG4DZOcclusion of Left External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LM0DZOcclusion of Right Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LM3DZOcclusion of Right Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LM3ZZOcclusion of Right Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LM4DZOcclusion of Right Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LN0DZOcclusion of Left Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LN3DZOcclusion of Left Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LN3ZZOcclusion of Left Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06LN4DZOcclusion of Left Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SC0ZZReposition Right Common Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SC3ZZReposition Right Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SC4ZZReposition Right Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SD0ZZReposition Left Common Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SD3ZZReposition Left Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SD4ZZReposition Left Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SF0ZZReposition Right External Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SF3ZZReposition Right External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SF4ZZReposition Right External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SG0ZZReposition Left External Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SG3ZZReposition Left External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SG4ZZReposition Left External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SM0ZZReposition Right Femoral Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SM3ZZReposition Right Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SM4ZZReposition Right Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SN0ZZReposition Left Femoral Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SN3ZZReposition Left Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06SN4ZZReposition Left Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC07ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC0JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC0KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC37ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC3JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC3KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC47ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC4JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UC4KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD07ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD0JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD0KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD37ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD3JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD3KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD47ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD4JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UD4KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF07ZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF0JZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF0KZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF37ZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF3JZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF3KZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF47ZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF4JZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UF4KZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG07ZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG0JZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG0KZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG37ZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG3JZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG3KZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG47ZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG4JZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UG4KZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM07ZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM0JZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM0KZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM37ZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM3JZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM3KZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM47ZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM4JZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UM4KZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN07ZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN0JZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN0KZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN37ZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN3JZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN3KZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN47ZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN4JZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06UN4KZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VC0DZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VC0ZZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VC3DZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VC3ZZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VC4DZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VC4ZZRestriction of Right Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VD0DZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VD0ZZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VD3DZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VD3ZZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VD4DZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VD4ZZRestriction of Left Common Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VF0DZRestriction of Right External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VF0ZZRestriction of Right External Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VF3DZRestriction of Right External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VF3ZZRestriction of Right External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VF4DZRestriction of Right External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VF4ZZRestriction of Right External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VG0DZRestriction of Left External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VG0ZZRestriction of Left External Iliac Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VG3DZRestriction of Left External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VG3ZZRestriction of Left External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VG4DZRestriction of Left External Iliac Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VG4ZZRestriction of Left External Iliac Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VM0DZRestriction of Right Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VM0ZZRestriction of Right Femoral Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VM3DZRestriction of Right Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VM3ZZRestriction of Right Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VM4DZRestriction of Right Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VM4ZZRestriction of Right Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VN0DZRestriction of Left Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VN0ZZRestriction of Left Femoral Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VN3DZRestriction of Left Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VN3ZZRestriction of Left Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VN4DZRestriction of Left Femoral Vein with Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS06VN4ZZRestriction of Left Femoral Vein, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
CPT35211Repair blood vessel, direct; intrathoracic, with bypass
CPT35216Repair blood vessel, direct; intrathoracic, without bypass
CPT35226Repair blood vessel, direct; lower extremity
CPT35246Repair blood vessel with vein graft; intrathoracic, without bypass
CPT35251Repair blood vessel with vein graft; intra‐abdominal
CPT35256Repair blood vessel with vein graft; lower extremity
CPT35276Repair blood vessel with graft other than vein; intrathoracic, without bypass
CPT35281Repair blood vessel with graft other than vein; intra‐abdominal
CPT35286Repair blood vessel with graft other than vein; lower extremity
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐PCS30230H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Peripheral Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30230N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Peripheral Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30230P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Peripheral Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30233H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Peripheral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30233N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Peripheral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30233P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Peripheral Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30240H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Central Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30240N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Central Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30240P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Central Vein, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30243H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Central Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30243N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Central Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30243P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Central Vein, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30250H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Peripheral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30250N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Peripheral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30250P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Peripheral Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30253H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Peripheral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30253N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Peripheral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30253P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Peripheral Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30260H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Central Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30260N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Central Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30260P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Central Artery, Open Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30263H1Transfusion of Nonautologous Whole Blood into Central Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30263N1Transfusion of Nonautologous Red Blood Cells into Central Artery, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS30263P1Transfusion of Nonautologous Frozen Red Cells into Central Artery, Percutaneous Approach
CPT36430Transfusion, blood or blood components
HCPCSP9010Blood (whole), for transfusion, per unit
HCPCSP9011Blood, split unit (specify amount)
HCPCSP9016Red blood cells, leukocytes reduced, each unit
HCPCSP9021Red blood cells, each unit
HCPCSP9022Red blood cells, washed, each unit
HCPCSP9038Red blood cells, irradiated, each unit
HCPCSP9039Red blood cells, deglycerolized, each unit
HCPCSP9040Red blood cells, leukocytes reduced, irradiated, each unit
HCPCSP9051Whole blood or red blood cells, leukocytes reduced, cmv‐negative, each unit
HCPCSP9054Whole blood or red blood cells, leukocytes reduced, frozen, deglycerol, washed, each unit
HCPCSP9056Whole blood, leukocytes reduced, irradiated, each unit
HCPCSP9057Red blood cells, frozen/deglycerolized/washed, leukocytes reduced, irradiated, each unit
HCPCSP9058Red blood cells, leukocytes reduced, cmv‐negative, irradiated, each unit
Code typeCodeCode description
ICD‐10‐CMI31.2Hemopericardium, not elsewhere classified
ICD‐10‐CMI31.4Cardiac tamponade
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9C30ZDrainage of Mediastinum with Drainage Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9C3ZZDrainage of Mediastinum, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9D30ZDrainage of Pericardial Cavity with Drainage Device, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9D3ZXDrainage of Pericardial Cavity, Percutaneous Approach, Diagnostic
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9D3ZZDrainage of Pericardial Cavity, Percutaneous Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9D40ZDrainage of Pericardial Cavity with Drainage Device, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9D4ZXDrainage of Pericardial Cavity, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach, Diagnostic
ICD‐10‐PCS0W9D4ZZDrainage of Pericardial Cavity, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
HCPCS CodeG9408Patients with cardiac tamponade and/or pericardiocentesis occurring within 30 days

Abbreviations: CPT, current procedural terminology; HCPCS, Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System ICD‐10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision; ICD‐9, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision.

  30 in total

1.  Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data.

Authors:  A Elixhauser; C Steiner; D R Harris; R M Coffey
Journal:  Med Care       Date:  1998-01       Impact factor: 2.983

2.  2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society.

Authors:  Craig T January; L Samuel Wann; Hugh Calkins; Lin Y Chen; Joaquin E Cigarroa; Joseph C Cleveland; Patrick T Ellinor; Michael D Ezekowitz; Michael E Field; Karen L Furie; Paul A Heidenreich; Katherine T Murray; Julie B Shea; Cynthia M Tracy; Clyde W Yancy
Journal:  J Am Coll Cardiol       Date:  2019-01-28       Impact factor: 24.094

Review 3.  The Role of Intracardiac Echocardiography in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

Authors:  Elad Anter; Mathew D Hutchinson; David J Callans
Journal:  J Atr Fibrillation       Date:  2009-10-01

4.  Projections on the number of individuals with atrial fibrillation in the European Union, from 2000 to 2060.

Authors:  Bouwe P Krijthe; Anton Kunst; Emelia J Benjamin; Gregory Y H Lip; Oscar H Franco; Albert Hofman; Jacqueline C M Witteman; Bruno H Stricker; Jan Heeringa
Journal:  Eur Heart J       Date:  2013-07-30       Impact factor: 29.983

5.  Complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in a high-volume centre with the use of intracardiac echocardiography.

Authors:  Bashar Aldhoon; Dan Wichterle; Petr Peichl; Robert Čihák; Josef Kautzner
Journal:  Europace       Date:  2012-09-26       Impact factor: 5.214

6.  Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation without fluoroscopy using intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping.

Authors:  John D Ferguson; Adam Helms; J Michael Mangrum; Srijoy Mahapatra; Pamela Mason; Ken Bilchick; George McDaniel; David Wiggins; John P DiMarco
Journal:  Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol       Date:  2009-12

Review 7.  Use of intracardiac echocardiography during atrial fibrillation ablation.

Authors:  Christopher P Ruisi; Neil Brysiewicz; Jeremy D Asnes; Lissa Sugeng; Mark Marieb; Jude Clancy; Joseph G Akar
Journal:  Pacing Clin Electrophysiol       Date:  2013-01-10       Impact factor: 1.976

8.  Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial.

Authors:  David J Wilber; Carlo Pappone; Petr Neuzil; Angelo De Paola; Frank Marchlinski; Andrea Natale; Laurent Macle; Emile G Daoud; Hugh Calkins; Burr Hall; Vivek Reddy; Giuseppe Augello; Matthew R Reynolds; Chandan Vinekar; Christine Y Liu; Scott M Berry; Donald A Berry
Journal:  JAMA       Date:  2010-01-27       Impact factor: 56.272

9.  Intracardiac Echocardiography during Catheter-Based Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

Authors:  Jürgen Biermann; Christoph Bode; Stefan Asbach
Journal:  Cardiol Res Pract       Date:  2012-05-29       Impact factor: 1.866

10.  Risk of bleeding and stroke with oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort study.

Authors:  Pei-Chun Chen; Gregory Y H Lip; Grace Yeh; Hung-Ju Lin; Kuo-Liong Chien
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2015-04-29       Impact factor: 3.240
View more
  1 in total

1.  Differences in outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation with versus without intracardiac echocardiography.

Authors:  Rhea C Pimentel; Neloufar Rahai; Sonia Maccioni; Rahul Khanna
Journal:  J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol       Date:  2022-07-23       Impact factor: 2.942
  1 in total

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