Jean-Marc Brillouet1, Charles Romieu2, Roberto Bacilieri2, Peter Nick3, Anna Trias-Blasi4, Erika Maul5, Katalin Solymosi6, Peter Teszlák7, Jiang-Fu Jiang8, Lei Sun8, Danielle Ortolani9, Jason P Londo10, Ben Gutierrez11, Bernard Prins12, Marc Reynders13, Frank Van Caekenberghe13, David Maghradze14, Cecile Marchal15, Amir Sultan16, Jean-Francois Thomas17, Daniel Scherberich17, Helene Fulcrand1, Laurent Roumeas1, Guillaume Billerach1, Vugar Salimov18, Mirza Musayev19, Muhammad Ejaz Ul Islam Dar20, Jean-Benoit Peltier21, Michel Grisoni22. 1. INRA, UMR IATE, Montpellier, France. 2. INRA, Equipe DAAV, UMR AGAP (Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, SupAgro), Montpellier, France. 3. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Botanical Institute, Molecular Cell Biology, Karlsruhe, Germany. 4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. 5. Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany. 6. Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. 7. Department of Viticulture and Technology Development, Research Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. 8. Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China. 9. Jardin Exotique, Monaco, Principality of Monaco. 10. USDA, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Geneva, New York, NY, USA. 11. USDA, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Geneva, New York, NY, USA. 12. USDA, Nat'l Clonal Germplasm Rep - Tree Fruit & Nut Crops & Grapes, University of California, Davis, California, USA. 13. Plantentuin Meise, Meise, Belgium. 14. National Wine Agency of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia. 15. INRA, Grapevine Biological Resources Center, Experimental Unit of Domaine de Vassal, Marseillan-plage, France. 16. National Herbarium (Stewart Collection), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. 17. Jardin Botanique de Lyon, Lyon, France. 18. Azerbaijani Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, Baku, Azerbaijan. 19. Genetic Resources Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. 20. Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. 21. INRA, UMR BPMP, Montpellier, France. 22. CIRAD, UMR - PVBMT, Toamasina, Madagascar.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Condensed tannins, responsible for berry and wine astringency, may have been selected during grapevine domestication. This work examines the phylogenetic distribution of condensed tannins throughout the Vitaceae phylogenetic tree. METHODS: Green berries and mature leaves of representative true-to-type members of the Vitaceae were collected before 'véraison', freeze-dried and pulverized, and condensed tannins were measured following depolymerization by nucleophilic addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the C4 of the flavan-3-ol units in an organic acidic medium. Reaction products were separated and quantified by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography/diode array detection/mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The original ability to incorporate epigallocatechin (EGC) into grapevine condensed tannins was lost independently in both the American and Eurasian/Asian branches of the Vitaceae, with exceptional cases of reversion to the ancestral EGC phenotype. This is particularly true in the genus Vitis, where we now find two radically distinct groups differing with respect to EGC content. While Vitis species from Asia are void of EGC, 50 % of the New World Vitis harbour EGC. Interestingly, the presence of EGC is tightly coupled with the degree of leaf margin serration. Noticeably, the rare Asian EGC-forming species are phylogenetically close to Vitis vinifera, the only remnant representative of Vitis in Eurasia. Both the wild ancestral V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris as well as the domesticated V. vinifera subsp. sativa can accumulate EGC and activate galloylation biosynthesis that compete for photoassimilates and reductive power.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Condensed tannins, responsible for berry and wine astringency, may have been selected during grapevine domestication. This work examines the phylogenetic distribution of condensed tannins throughout the Vitaceae phylogenetic tree. METHODS: Green berries and mature leaves of representative true-to-type members of the Vitaceae were collected before 'véraison', freeze-dried and pulverized, and condensed tannins were measured following depolymerization by nucleophilic addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the C4 of the flavan-3-ol units in an organic acidic medium. Reaction products were separated and quantified by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography/diode array detection/mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The original ability to incorporate epigallocatechin (EGC) into grapevine condensed tannins was lost independently in both the American and Eurasian/Asian branches of the Vitaceae, with exceptional cases of reversion to the ancestral EGC phenotype. This is particularly true in the genus Vitis, where we now find two radically distinct groups differing with respect to EGC content. While Vitis species from Asia are void of EGC, 50 % of the New World Vitis harbour EGC. Interestingly, the presence of EGC is tightly coupled with the degree of leaf margin serration. Noticeably, the rare Asian EGC-forming species are phylogenetically close to Vitis vinifera, the only remnant representative of Vitis in Eurasia. Both the wild ancestral V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris as well as the domesticated V. vinifera subsp. sativa can accumulate EGC and activate galloylation biosynthesis that compete for photoassimilates and reductive power.
Authors: Ashley N Scioneaux; Michael A Schmidt; Melissa A Moore; Richard L Lindroth; Stuart C Wooley; Ann E Hagerman Journal: J Chem Ecol Date: 2010-11-30 Impact factor: 2.626
Authors: María Monagas; Carmen Gómez-Cordovés; Begoña Bartolomé; Olga Laureano; Jorge M Ricardo da Silva Journal: J Agric Food Chem Date: 2003-10-22 Impact factor: 5.279
Authors: Allison J Miller; Naim Matasci; Heidi Schwaninger; Mallikarjuna K Aradhya; Bernard Prins; Gan-Yuan Zhong; Charles Simon; Edward S Buckler; Sean Myles Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-11-13 Impact factor: 3.240