Tim Hollstein1,2, Alessio Basolo1, Yigit Unlu1, Takafumi Ando1, Mary Walter3, Jonathan Krakoff1, Paolo Piaggi1,4. 1. Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. 2. Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, 24195 Kiel, Germany. 3. Clinical Core Lab, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. 4. Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Abstract
CONTEXT: A greater decrease in 24-hour energy expenditure (24hEE) during short-term fasting is indicative of a thrifty phenotype. OBJECTIVE: As ghrelin and the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis are implicated in the regulation of energy intake and metabolism, we investigated whether ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1 concentrations mediate the fasting-induced decrease in 24hEE that characterizes thriftiness. METHODS: In 47 healthy individuals, 24hEE was measured in a whole-room indirect calorimeter both during 24-hour eucaloric and fasting conditions. Plasma total ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after an overnight fast the morning before and after each 24-hour session. RESULTS: During 24-hour fasting, on average 24hEE decreased by 8.0% (P < .001), GH increased by ~5-fold (P < .001), whereas ghrelin (mean +23 pg/mL) and IGF-1 were unchanged (both P ≥ .19) despite a large interindividual variability in ghrelin change (SD 150 pg/mL). Greater fasting-induced increase in ghrelin was associated with a greater decrease in 24hEE during 24-hour fasting (r = -0.42, P = .003), such that individuals who increased ghrelin by 200 pg/mL showed an average decrease in 24hEE by 55 kcal/day. CONCLUSION: Short-term fasting induced selective changes in the ghrelin/GH/IGF-1 axis, specifically a ghrelin-independent GH hypersecretion that did not translate into increased IGF-1 concentrations. Greater increase in ghrelin after 24-hour fasting was associated with greater decrease in 24hEE, indicating ghrelin as a novel biomarker of increased energy efficiency of the thrifty phenotype. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society 2022.
CONTEXT: A greater decrease in 24-hour energy expenditure (24hEE) during short-term fasting is indicative of a thrifty phenotype. OBJECTIVE: As ghrelin and the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis are implicated in the regulation of energy intake and metabolism, we investigated whether ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1 concentrations mediate the fasting-induced decrease in 24hEE that characterizes thriftiness. METHODS: In 47 healthy individuals, 24hEE was measured in a whole-room indirect calorimeter both during 24-hour eucaloric and fasting conditions. Plasma total ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after an overnight fast the morning before and after each 24-hour session. RESULTS: During 24-hour fasting, on average 24hEE decreased by 8.0% (P < .001), GH increased by ~5-fold (P < .001), whereas ghrelin (mean +23 pg/mL) and IGF-1 were unchanged (both P ≥ .19) despite a large interindividual variability in ghrelin change (SD 150 pg/mL). Greater fasting-induced increase in ghrelin was associated with a greater decrease in 24hEE during 24-hour fasting (r = -0.42, P = .003), such that individuals who increased ghrelin by 200 pg/mL showed an average decrease in 24hEE by 55 kcal/day. CONCLUSION: Short-term fasting induced selective changes in the ghrelin/GH/IGF-1 axis, specifically a ghrelin-independent GH hypersecretion that did not translate into increased IGF-1 concentrations. Greater increase in ghrelin after 24-hour fasting was associated with greater decrease in 24hEE, indicating ghrelin as a novel biomarker of increased energy efficiency of the thrifty phenotype. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society 2022.
Entities:
Keywords:
energy expenditure; fasting; ghrelin; growth hormone; thrifty phenotype
Authors: Tim Hollstein; Takafumi Ando; Alessio Basolo; Jonathan Krakoff; Susanne B Votruba; Paolo Piaggi Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-09-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: A Bereket; T A Wilson; S L Blethen; J Fan; R A Frost; M C Gelato; C H Lang Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 1996-12 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Jean L Chan; John Bullen; Jennifer H Lee; Nikos Yiannakouris; Christos S Mantzoros Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2004-01 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: K Y Ho; J D Veldhuis; M L Johnson; R Furlanetto; W S Evans; K G Alberti; M O Thorner Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 1988-04 Impact factor: 14.808
Authors: M R Druce; N M Neary; C J Small; J Milton; M Monteiro; M Patterson; M A Ghatei; S R Bloom Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2006-02 Impact factor: 5.095