Parametric Design of Hip Implant With Gradient Porous Structure.

Patients who has been implanted with hip implant usually undergo revision surgery. The reason is that high stiff implants would cause non-physiological distribution loadings, which is also known as stress shielding, and finally lead to bone loss and aseptic loosening. Titanium implants are widely used in human bone tissues; however, the subsequent elastic modulus mismatch problem has become increasingly serious, and can lead to stress-shielding effects. This study aimed to develop a parametric design methodology of porous titanium alloy hip implant with gradient elastic modulus, and mitigate the stress-shielding effect. Four independent adjustable dimensions of the porous structure were parametrically designed, and the Kriging algorithm was used to establish the mapping relationship between the four adjustable dimensions and the porosity, surface-to-volume ratio, and elastic modulus. Moreover, the equivalent stress on the surface of the femur was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal gradient elastic modulus of the implant was obtained. Finally, through the Kriging approximation model and optimization results of the finite element method, the dimensions of each segment of the porous structure that could effectively mitigate the stress-shielding effect were determined. Experimental results demonstrated that the parameterized design method of the porous implant with gradient elastic modulus proposed in this study increased the strain value on the femoral surface by 17.1% on average. Consequently, the stress-shielding effect of the femoral tissue induced by the titanium alloy implant was effectively mitigated.