Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault1, Thérèse Truong2,3, Lucie Lécuyer1, Nasser Laouali1,4, Laure Dossus5, Nitin Shivappa6,7, James R Hébert6,7, Antonio Agudo8, Anne Tjonneland9,10, Jytte Halkjaer10, Kim Overvad11, Verena A Katzke12, Charlotte Le Cornet12, Matthias B Schulze13,14, Franziska Jannasch13,14, Domenico Palli15, Claudia Agnoli16, Rosario Tumino17, Luca Dragna18, Gabriella Iannuzzo19, Torill Enget Jensen20, Magritt Brustad20,21, Guri Skeie20, Raul Zamora-Ros8, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco22,23,24, Pilar Amiano25,26,27, María-Dolores Chirlaque28,29, Eva Ardanaz24,30,31, Martin Almquist32,33, Emily Sonestedt34, Maria Sandström35, Lena Maria Nilsson36, Elisabete Weiderpass37, Inge Huybrechts5, Sabina Rinaldi5. 1. Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France. 2. Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France. therese.truong@inserm.fr. 3. Team Exposome and Heredity, Inserm U1018, CESP, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France. therese.truong@inserm.fr. 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. 5. Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research On Cancer, 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France. 6. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 8. Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain. 9. Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 10. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark. 11. Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 12. Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. 13. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany. 14. Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. 15. Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy. 16. Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. 17. Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, A.I.R.E.-O.N.L.U.S., Ragusa, Italy. 18. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy. 19. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. 20. Department of Community Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. 21. The Public Dental Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway (TkNN), Tromsø, Norway. 22. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011, Granada, Spain. 23. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain. 24. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain. 25. Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain. 26. Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain. 27. Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 28. Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain. 29. CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. 30. Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. 31. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain. 32. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 33. Department of Surgery Section of Endocrine and Sarcoma Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 34. Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. 35. Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 36. Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 37. International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Chronic inflammation is thought to initiate or promote differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and previous studies have shown that diet can modulate this inflammatory process. We aimed to evaluate the association of several dietary scores reflecting the inflammatory potential of the diet with DTC risk. METHODS: Within the EPIC cohort, 450,063 participants were followed during a mean period of 14 years, and 712 newly incident DTC cases were identified. Associations between four dietary inflammatory scores [the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and two energy-adjusted derivatives (the E-DIIr and the E-DIId), and the Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD)] and DTC risk were evaluated in the EPIC cohort using multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS: Positive associations were observed between DTC risk and the DIIs (HR for 1 SD increase in DII: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.23, similar results for its derivatives), but not with the ISD (HR for 1 SD increase: 1.04, 95% CI 0.93, 1.16). CONCLUSION: Diet-associated inflammation, as estimated by the DII and its derivatives, was weakly positively associated with DTC risk in a European adult population. These results suggesting that diet-associated inflammation acts in the etiology of DTC need to be validated in independent studies.
PURPOSE: Chronic inflammation is thought to initiate or promote differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and previous studies have shown that diet can modulate this inflammatory process. We aimed to evaluate the association of several dietary scores reflecting the inflammatory potential of the diet with DTC risk. METHODS: Within the EPIC cohort, 450,063 participants were followed during a mean period of 14 years, and 712 newly incident DTC cases were identified. Associations between four dietary inflammatory scores [the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and two energy-adjusted derivatives (the E-DIIr and the E-DIId), and the Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD)] and DTC risk were evaluated in the EPIC cohort using multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS: Positive associations were observed between DTC risk and the DIIs (HR for 1 SD increase in DII: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.23, similar results for its derivatives), but not with the ISD (HR for 1 SD increase: 1.04, 95% CI 0.93, 1.16). CONCLUSION: Diet-associated inflammation, as estimated by the DII and its derivatives, was weakly positively associated with DTC risk in a European adult population. These results suggesting that diet-associated inflammation acts in the etiology of DTC need to be validated in independent studies.
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