Cari M Kitahara1, Marjorie L McCullough2, Silvia Franceschi3, Sabina Rinaldi3, Alicja Wolk4, Gila Neta5, Hans Olov Adami6,7, Kristin Anderson8,9, Gabriella Andreotti1, Laura E Beane Freeman1, Leslie Bernstein10, Julie E Buring7,11, Francoise Clavel-Chapelon12, Lisa A De Roo13,14, Yu-Tang Gao15, J Michael Gaziano11,16,17, Graham G Giles18,19, Niclas Håkansson4, Pamela L Horn-Ross20, Vicki A Kirsh21,22, Martha S Linet1, Robert J MacInnis18,19, Nicola Orsini4, Yikyung Park23, Alpa V Patel2, Mark P Purdue24, Elio Riboli25, Kimberly Robien26, Thomas Rohan27, Dale P Sandler14, Catherine Schairer1, Arthur B Schneider28, Howard D Sesso7,11,16, Xiao-Ou Shu29, Pramil N Singh30, Piet A van den Brandt31, Elizabeth Ward32, Elisabete Weiderpass6,33,34,35, Emily White36,37, Yong-Bing Xiang15, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte38, Wei Zheng29, Patricia Hartge1, Amy Berrington de González1. 1. 1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland. 2. 2 Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, Georgia . 3. 3 International Agency for Research on Cancer , Lyon, France . 4. 4 Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden. 5. 5 Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; National Cancer Institute , Rockville, Maryland. 6. 6 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden . 7. 7 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts. 8. 8 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health; University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota. 9. 9 Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota. 10. 10 Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, California. 11. 11 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts. 12. 12 Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Villejuif, France Paris South University , UMRS Inserm 1018 Team 9, Villejuif, France . 13. 13 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway . 14. 14 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 15. 15 Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China . 16. 16 Division of Aging; Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts. 17. 17 Massachusetts Veteran's Epidemiology, Research, and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center , VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts. 18. 18 Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria , Melbourne, Australia . 19. 19 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Carlton, Australia . 20. 20 Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, California. 21. 21 Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario , Toronto, Canada . 22. 22 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada . 23. 23 Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri. 24. 24 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto, Canada . 25. 25 Imperial School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom . 26. 26 Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington, DC. 27. 27 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York. 28. 28 Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois. 29. 29 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee. 30. 30 Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California. 31. 31 Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands . 32. 32 Intramural Research, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, Georgia . 33. 33 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway . 34. 34 Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research , Oslo, Norway . 35. 35 Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland . 36. 36 Public Health Services Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington. 37. 37 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington. 38. 38 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine , New York, New York.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Greater height and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, the most common and least aggressive subtype. Few studies have evaluated these associations in relation to other, more aggressive histologic types or thyroid cancer-specific mortality. METHODS: This large pooled analysis of 22 prospective studies (833,176 men and 1,260,871 women) investigated thyroid cancer incidence associated with greater height, BMI at baseline and young adulthood, and adulthood BMI gain (difference between young-adult and baseline BMI), overall and separately by sex and histological subtype using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Associations with thyroid cancer mortality were investigated in a subset of cohorts (578,922 men and 774,373 women) that contributed cause of death information. RESULTS: During follow-up, 2996 incident thyroid cancers and 104 thyroid cancer deaths were identified. All anthropometric factors were positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence: hazard ratios (HR) [confidence intervals (CIs)] for height (per 5 cm) = 1.07 [1.04-1.10], BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.06 [1.02-1.10], waist circumference (per 5 cm) = 1.03 [1.01-1.05], young-adult BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.13 [1.02-1.25], and adulthood BMI gain (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.07 [1.00-1.15]. Associations for baseline BMI and waist circumference were attenuated after mutual adjustment. Baseline BMI was more strongly associated with risk in men compared with women (p = 0.04). Positive associations were observed for papillary, follicular, and anaplastic, but not medullary, thyroid carcinomas. Similar, but stronger, associations were observed for thyroid cancer mortality. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that greater height and excess adiposity throughout adulthood are associated with higher incidence of most major types of thyroid cancer, including the least common but most aggressive form, anaplastic carcinoma, and higher thyroid cancer mortality. Potential underlying biological mechanisms should be explored in future studies.
BACKGROUND: Greater height and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, the most common and least aggressive subtype. Few studies have evaluated these associations in relation to other, more aggressive histologic types or thyroid cancer-specific mortality. METHODS: This large pooled analysis of 22 prospective studies (833,176 men and 1,260,871 women) investigated thyroid cancer incidence associated with greater height, BMI at baseline and young adulthood, and adulthood BMI gain (difference between young-adult and baseline BMI), overall and separately by sex and histological subtype using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Associations with thyroid cancer mortality were investigated in a subset of cohorts (578,922 men and 774,373 women) that contributed cause of death information. RESULTS: During follow-up, 2996 incident thyroid cancers and 104 thyroid cancer deaths were identified. All anthropometric factors were positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence: hazard ratios (HR) [confidence intervals (CIs)] for height (per 5 cm) = 1.07 [1.04-1.10], BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.06 [1.02-1.10], waist circumference (per 5 cm) = 1.03 [1.01-1.05], young-adult BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.13 [1.02-1.25], and adulthood BMI gain (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.07 [1.00-1.15]. Associations for baseline BMI and waist circumference were attenuated after mutual adjustment. Baseline BMI was more strongly associated with risk in men compared with women (p = 0.04). Positive associations were observed for papillary, follicular, and anaplastic, but not medullary, thyroid carcinomas. Similar, but stronger, associations were observed for thyroid cancer mortality. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that greater height and excess adiposity throughout adulthood are associated with higher incidence of most major types of thyroid cancer, including the least common but most aggressive form, anaplastic carcinoma, and higher thyroid cancer mortality. Potential underlying biological mechanisms should be explored in future studies.
Authors: Emily White; Ruth E Patterson; Alan R Kristal; Mark Thornquist; Irena King; Ann L Shattuck; Ilonka Evans; Jessie Satia-Abouta; Alyson J Littman; John D Potter Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2004-01-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Cari M Kitahara; Michael Gamborg; Amy Berrington de González; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Jennifer L Baker Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2013-11-18 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Raul Zamora-Ros; Muath A Alghamdi; Valerie Cayssials; Silvia Franceschi; Martin Almquist; Joakim Hennings; Maria Sandström; Konstantinos K Tsilidis; Elisabete Weiderpass; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Bodil Hammer Bech; Kim Overvad; Anne Tjønneland; Kristina E N Petersen; Francesca Romana Mancini; Yahya Mahamat-Saleh; Fabrice Bonnet; Tilman Kühn; Renée T Fortner; Heiner Boeing; Antonia Trichopoulou; Christina Bamia; Georgia Martimianaki; Giovanna Masala; Sara Grioni; Salvatore Panico; Rosario Tumino; Francesca Fasanelli; Guri Skeie; Tonje Braaten; Cristina Lasheras; Elena Salamanca-Fernández; Pilar Amiano; Maria-Dolores Chirlaque; Aurelio Barricarte; Jonas Manjer; Peter Wallström; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Petra H Peeters; Kay-Thee Khaw; Nicholas J Wareham; Julie A Schmidt; Dagfinn Aune; Graham Byrnes; Augustin Scalbert; Antonio Agudo; Sabina Rinaldi Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2018-12-10 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Béatrice Lauby-Secretan; Chiara Scoccianti; Dana Loomis; Yann Grosse; Franca Bianchini; Kurt Straif Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2016-08-25 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Marie-Odile Bernier; Diana R Withrow; Amy Berrington de Gonzalez; Clara J K Lam; Martha S Linet; Cari M Kitahara; Meredith S Shiels Journal: Cancer Date: 2019-04-23 Impact factor: 6.860