| Literature DB >> 35613189 |
Luana Ferreira-Campos1, Ligia Gabrielli2, Maria da Conceição Chagas Almeida3, Estela Maria Leão Aquino2, Sheila Maria Alvim Matos2, Rosane Harter Griep4, Roque Aras5.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in post-menopausal women. Although menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is a very effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms during this period, the influence of this therapy on blood pressure is not yet clear.Entities:
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35613189 PMCID: PMC9368886 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210218
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol ISSN: 0066-782X Impact factor: 2.667
– Características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e condição de saúde das mulheres que passaram por menopausa natural, de acordo com o uso de terapia hormonal da menopausa. ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Características | Nunca usaram n (%) | Usaram no passado n (%) | Usam atualmente n (%) | p-valor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40-49 anos | 140 (9,4) | 16 (3,5) | 20 (10,5) | |
| 50-59 anos | 900 (60,3) | 168 (36,8) | 103 (54,5) | |
| ≥60 anos | 452 (30,3) | 273 (59,7) | 66 (35,0) | |
| Negras | 272 (19,4) | 54 (12,6) | 17 (9,1) | |
| Pardas | 384 (27,4) | 114 (26,6) | 45 (24,2) | |
| Brancas | 747 (53,2) | 260 (60,8) | 124 (66,7) | |
| Ensino médio | 805 (54,0) | 192 (42,0) | 50 (26,5) | |
| Ensino superior | 687 (46,0) | 265 (58,0) | 139 (73,5) | |
| Não | 1,436 (96,5) | 444 (97,4) | 179 (94,7) | |
| Sim | 52 (3,5) | 12 (2,6) | 10 (5,3) | |
| Nunca fumou | 821 (55,0) | 289 (63,2) | 106 (56,1) | |
| Ex-fumante | 427 (28,6) | 120 (26,3) | 68 (36,0) | |
| Fumante | 244 (16,4) | 48 (10,5) | 15 (7,9) | |
| Inativas | 1,204 (81,6) | 337 (74,6) | 138 (73,4) | |
| Ativas | 271 (18,4) | 115 (25,4) | 50 (26,6) | |
| ≤ 24,9 kg/m2 | 502 (33,6) | 185 (40,5) | 99 (52,4) | |
| 25,0 - 29,9 kg/m2 | 517 (34,7) | 183 (40,0) | 71 (37,6) | |
| ≥ 30,0 kg/m2 | 473 (31,7) | 89 (19,5) | 19 (10,0) | |
| Não | 1,128 (75,7) | 365 (79,9) | 160 (84,7) | |
| Sim | 363 (24,3) | 92 (20,1) | 29 (15,3) | |
| Não | 880 (59,0) | 260 (57,0) | 139 (73,5) | |
| Sim | 612 (41,0) | 197 (43,0) | 50 (26,5) | |
| Não | 1,412 (94,8) | 431 (94,3) | 182 (96,3) | |
| Sim | 78 (5,2) | 26 (5,7) | 7 (3,7) | |
| <130 mg/dL | 648 (43,4) | 215 (47,0) | 84 (44,4) | |
| ≥130 mg/dL | 844 (56,6) | 242 (53,0) | 105 (55,6) | |
| >40 mg/dL | 1,452 (97,3) | 446 (97,6) | 178 (94,2) | |
| ≤40 mg/dL | 40 (2,7) | 11 (2,4) | 11 (5,8) | |
| <150 mg/dL | 1,044 (70,0) | 351 (76,8) | 158 (84,0) | |
| ≥150 mg/dL | 448 (30,0) | 106 (23,2) | 31 (16,0) |
*Consumo excessivo de álcool: ≥140 gramas de álcool por semana; HDL: lipoproteína de alta densidade; LDL: lipoproteína de baixa densidade.
– Associação entre uso de terapia hormonal da menopausa e hipertensão ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Nunca usaram n=1492 | Usaram no passado n=457 | Usam atualmente n=189 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Não | 880 (68,8) | 260 (20,3) | 139 (10,9) |
| Sim | 612 (71,3) | 197 (22,9) | 50 (5,8) |
| Bruto | 1 | 1,08 (0,88-1,34) | 0,51 (0,36-0,72) |
| Ajustado* | 1 | 0,89 (0,71-1,13) | 0,59 (0,41 – 0,85) |
OR: Odds Ratio; *Ajustado para idade e índice de massa corporal.
Figura 1– Pressão arterial diastólica e sistólica mediana de acordo com o padrão de uso de terapia hormonal da menopausa.
– Idade no início da terapia hormonal da menopausa, tempo desde a menopausa e duração do uso da terapia hormonal da menopausa, de acordo com a presença de hipertensão entre mulheres em uso atual ou passado da terapia. ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Características | Mulheres normotensas n (%) | Mulheres hipertensas n (%) | p-valor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0,034 | |||
| <60 anos | 377(63,3) | 219(36,7) | |
| ≥60 anos | 9(40,9) | 13(59,1) | |
| 0,000 | |||
| <10 anos | 378 (63,7) | 215 (36,3) | |
| ≥10 anos | 3 (17,6) | 14 (82,4) | |
| 0,927 | |||
| <5 anos | 252(62,4) | 152(37,6) | |
| ≥5 anos | 142(62,0) | 87(38,0) |
– Tipo de terapia hormonal da menopausa e a via de administração do regime atual, de acordo com a presença de hipertensão. ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Características | Mulheres normotensas (n=138) | Mulheres hipertensas (n=50) | p-valor |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| 0,024* | |||
| Estrogênio + progestágeno | 65 (47,1) | 18 (36,0) | |
| Estrogênios | 28 (20,3) | 16 (32,0) | |
| Progestágeno | 3 (2,2) | - | |
| Estrogênio + testosterona | 5 (3,6) | 3 (6,0) | |
| Tibolona | 35 (25,4) | 8 (16,0) | |
| Outros | 2 (1,4) | 5 (10,0) | |
| 0,190 | |||
| Oral | 114 (82,6) | 37 (74,0) | |
| Não oral | 24 (17,4) | (26,0) |
*Teste exato de Fisher. NB: Uma participante foi excluída devido a dados faltantes.
– Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and health status of the women who experienced natural menopause, according to the use of menopausal hormone therapy. ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Characteristics | Never Users n (%) | Past Users n (%) | Current Users n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40-49 years | 140 (9.4) | 16 (3.5) | 20 (10.5) | |
| 50-59 years | 900 (60.3) | 168 (36.8) | 103 (54.5) | |
| ≥60 years | 452 (30.3) | 273 (59.7) | 66 (35.0) | |
| Black | 272 (19.4) | 54 (12.6) | 17 (9.1) | |
| Brown | 384 (27.4) | 114 (26.6) | 45 (24.2) | |
| White | 747 (53.2) | 260 (60.8) | 124 (66.7) | |
| High school | 805 (54.0) | 192 (42.0) | 50 (26.5) | |
| University degree | 687 (46.0) | 265 (58.0) | 139 (73.5) | |
| No | 1.436 (96.5) | 444 (97.4) | 179 (94.7) | |
| Yes | 52 (3.5) | 12 (2.6) | 10 (5.3) | |
| Never smoked | 821 (55.0) | 289 (63.2) | 106 (56.1) | |
| Former smoker | 427 (28.6) | 120 (26.3) | 68 (36.0) | |
| Smoker | 244 (16.4) | 48 (10.5) | 15 (7.9) | |
| Inactive | 1.204 (81.6) | 337 (74.6) | 138 (73.4) | |
| Active | 271 (18.4) | 115 (25.4) | 50 (26.6) | |
| ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 | 502 (33.6) | 185 (40.5) | 99 (52.4) | |
| 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2 | 517 (34.7) | 183 (40.0) | 71 (37.6) | |
| ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | 473 (31.7) | 89 (19.5) | 19 (10.0) | |
| No | 1.128 (75.7) | 365 (79.9) | 160 (84.7) | |
| Yes | 363 (24.3) | 92 (20.1) | 29 (15.3) | |
| No | 880 (59.0) | 260 (57.0) | 139 (73.5) | |
| Yes | 612 (41.0) | 197 (43.0) | 50 (26.5) | |
| No | 1.412 (94.8) | 431 (94.3) | 182 (96.3) | |
| Yes | 78 (5.2) | 26 (5.7) | 7 (3.7) | |
| <130 mg/dL | 648 (43.4) | 215 (47.0) | 84 (44.4) | |
| ≥130 mg/dL | 844 (56.6) | 242 (53.0) | 105 (55.6) | |
| >40 mg/dL | 1.452 (97.3) | 446 (97.6) | 178 (94.2) | |
| ≤40 mg/dL | 40 (2.7) | 11 (2.4) | 11 (5.8) | |
| <150 mg/dL | 1.044 (70.0) | 351 (76.8) | 158 (84.0) | |
| ≥150 mg/dL | 448 (30.0) | 106 (23.2) | 31 (16.0) |
– Association between the use of menopausal hormone therapy and hypertension. ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Never user n=1492 | Past user n=457 | Current user n=189 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | 880 (68.8) | 260 (20.3) | 139 (10.9) |
| Yes | 612 (71.3) | 197 (22.9) | 50 (5.8) |
| Crude | 1 | 1.08 (0.88-1.34) | 0.51 (0.36-0.72) |
| Adjusted* | 1 | 0.89 (0.71-1.13) | 0.59 (0.41- 0.85) |
OR: Odds Ratio; *Adjusted for age and body mass index.
Figure 1– Median systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to the pattern of use of menopausal hormone therapy.
– Age at beginning of menopausal hormone therapy, time since menopause, and duration of menopausal hormone therapy use according to whether or not hypertension was present in past and urrent users. ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Characteristics | Normotensive women n (%) | Hypertensive women n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| <60 years | 377(63.3) | 219(36.7) | |
| ≥60 years | 9(40.9) | 13(59.1) | |
| <10 years | 378 (63.7) | 215 (36.3) | |
| ≥10 years | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.4) | |
| <5 years | 252(62.4) | 152(37.6) | |
| ≥5 years | 142(62.0) | 87(38.0) |
a Menopausal hormone therapy. NB: Specifically for this analysis, exclusions of some observations were necessary due to missing data and for this reason, the sum may vary for the different variables.
– Type of menopausal hormone therapy and the route of administration of current regimen, according to the presence of hypertension. ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010
| Characteristics | Normotensive women (n=138) | Hypertensive women (n=50) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| 0.024* | |||
| Estrogen + progestogen | 65 (47.1) | 18 (36.0) | |
| Estrogens | 28 (20.3) | 16 (32.0) | |
| Progestogens | 3 (2.2) | - | |
| Estrogens + testosterone | 5 (3.6) | 3 (6.0) | |
| Tibolone | 35 (25.4) | 8 (16.0) | |
| Others | 2 (1.4) | 5 (10.0) | |
| 0.190 | |||
| Oral | 114 (82.6) | 37 (74.0) | |
| Non-oral | 24 (17.4) | 26.0) |
* Fisher’s exact test. NB: One participant was excluded due to missing data.