Yoshiaki Itoigawa1, Akihisa Koga2, Daichi Morikawa2, Atsushi Kubota3, Hirohisa Uehara2, Yuichiro Maruyama2, Yuuji Takazawa3, Muneaki Ishijima4. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan. yitoiga@juntendo.ac.jp. 2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan. 3. Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan. 4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate shoulder stiffness on the throwing and non-throwing sides in college baseball players using ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE), and investigate the relationship between stiffness and shoulder pain during throwing. METHODS: Forty-nine college baseball players (98 shoulders) were recruited. Shoulder range of motion was evaluated. SWE was used to measure stiffness of the bilateral supraspinatus tendons, infraspinatus tendons, subscapularis tendons, supraspinatus muscles, infraspinatus muscles (ISPM), and posterior capsules. Participants were divided into pain and no pain groups based on the presence or absence of shoulder pain during throwing within 1 month before measurements on the throwing side. Items were compared between the throwing and non-throwing sides, and between the pain and no pain groups. Factors affecting shoulder pain during throwing were also investigated via multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the non-throwing side, the throwing side had significantly greater external rotation at 90° abduction, significantly lesser internal rotation at 0° abduction and internal rotation at 90° abduction (AbdIR), significantly higher SWE values of the infraspinatus tendon, ISPM, and posterior capsule, and significantly lower SWE values of the subscapularis tendon. Compared with the no pain group, the pain group had a significantly higher SWE value of the ISPM, and significantly lesser AbdIR. Increased ISPM SWE values and decreased AbdIR were significantly correlated with shoulder pain during throwing. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior tissue was stiffer than the anterior tissue on the throwing side. Decreased AbdIR and increased ISPM stiffness may be correlated with shoulder pain during throwing.
PURPOSE: To investigate shoulder stiffness on the throwing and non-throwing sides in college baseball players using ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE), and investigate the relationship between stiffness and shoulder pain during throwing. METHODS: Forty-nine college baseball players (98 shoulders) were recruited. Shoulder range of motion was evaluated. SWE was used to measure stiffness of the bilateral supraspinatus tendons, infraspinatus tendons, subscapularis tendons, supraspinatus muscles, infraspinatus muscles (ISPM), and posterior capsules. Participants were divided into pain and no pain groups based on the presence or absence of shoulder pain during throwing within 1 month before measurements on the throwing side. Items were compared between the throwing and non-throwing sides, and between the pain and no pain groups. Factors affecting shoulder pain during throwing were also investigated via multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the non-throwing side, the throwing side had significantly greater external rotation at 90° abduction, significantly lesser internal rotation at 0° abduction and internal rotation at 90° abduction (AbdIR), significantly higher SWE values of the infraspinatus tendon, ISPM, and posterior capsule, and significantly lower SWE values of the subscapularis tendon. Compared with the no pain group, the pain group had a significantly higher SWE value of the ISPM, and significantly lesser AbdIR. Increased ISPM SWE values and decreased AbdIR were significantly correlated with shoulder pain during throwing. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior tissue was stiffer than the anterior tissue on the throwing side. Decreased AbdIR and increased ISPM stiffness may be correlated with shoulder pain during throwing.
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