High-Throughput, High-Precision Colony Phenotyping with Pyphe.

Colony fitness screens are powerful approaches for functional genomics and genetics. This protocol describes experimental and computational procedures for assaying the fitness of thousands of microbial strains in numerous conditions in parallel. Data analysis is based on pyphe, an all-in-one bioinformatics toolbox for scanning, image analysis, data normalization, and interpretation. We describe a standard protocol where endpoint colony areas are used as fitness proxy and two variations on this, one using colony growth curves and one using colony viability staining with phloxine B. Different strategies for experimental design, normalization and quality control are discussed. Using these approaches, it is possible to collect hundreds of thousands of data points, with low technical noise levels around 5%, in an experiment typically lasting 2 weeks or less.