Nikolaus Degen1,2, N de Almeida Lopes3,4, F Wolf3,4, J Fürmetz3,4, E Euler4, W Böcker4, P H Thaller3,4. 1. Workgroup 3D-Surgery, LMU Munich, Campus Innenstadt: Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. ndegen@med.lmu.de. 2. Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Campus Innenstadt: Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. ndegen@med.lmu.de. 3. Workgroup 3D-Surgery, LMU Munich, Campus Innenstadt: Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. 4. Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Campus Innenstadt: Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To firstly examine the pain levels during distraction osteogenesis (DO) with lengthening nails (LN) in a large sample. METHODS: A total of 168 cases underwent DO of the tibia or femur with five different models of LN. Under a standardized medical regime, daily pain levels were noted as nominal rating scale (NRS) score (0-10) during the distraction phase. NRS scores and several potential influence factors (LN model, bone, approach, side, age, gender) were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean distraction length was 39.1 ± 14.4 mm. The average NRS score decreased from postoperative day 1 with 2.84 nonlinearly by 1.03 points (36.3%) over the course of 62 days to an average score of 1.81. The mean decrease during the first thirty days was 0.67(23.6%). Subgroup analysis did not reveal any influence factors. CONCLUSION: Pain levels during the distraction phase are overall low, continuously decreasing, and well manageable with mostly non-opioid analgesics.
PURPOSE: To firstly examine the pain levels during distraction osteogenesis (DO) with lengthening nails (LN) in a large sample. METHODS: A total of 168 cases underwent DO of the tibia or femur with five different models of LN. Under a standardized medical regime, daily pain levels were noted as nominal rating scale (NRS) score (0-10) during the distraction phase. NRS scores and several potential influence factors (LN model, bone, approach, side, age, gender) were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean distraction length was 39.1 ± 14.4 mm. The average NRS score decreased from postoperative day 1 with 2.84 nonlinearly by 1.03 points (36.3%) over the course of 62 days to an average score of 1.81. The mean decrease during the first thirty days was 0.67(23.6%). Subgroup analysis did not reveal any influence factors. CONCLUSION: Pain levels during the distraction phase are overall low, continuously decreasing, and well manageable with mostly non-opioid analgesics.
Authors: Marianne Jensen Hjermstad; Peter M Fayers; Dagny F Haugen; Augusto Caraceni; Geoffrey W Hanks; Jon H Loge; Robin Fainsinger; Nina Aass; Stein Kaasa Journal: J Pain Symptom Manage Date: 2011-06 Impact factor: 3.612