Literature DB >> 35405780

[A retrospective comparative study of haplotype hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute B-lymphocyte leukemia].

Z D Wang1, Y Q Sun1, C H Yan1, F R Wang1, X D Mo1, M Lyu1, X S Zhao1, W Han1, H Chen1, Y Y Chen1, Y Wang1, L P Xu1, Y Z Wang1, Y R Liu1, Y F Cheng1, X H Zhang1, K Y Liu1, X J Huang1, Y J Chang1.   

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether haplotype hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is effective in the treatment of pre transplant minimal residual disease (Pre-MRD) positive acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) compared with HLA- matched sibling donor transplantation (MSDT) .
Methods: A total of 998 patients with B-ALL in complete remission pre-HSCT who either received haplo-HSCT (n=788) or underwent MSDT (n=210) were retrospectively analyzed. The pre-transplantation leukemia burden was evaluated according to Pre-MRD determinedusing multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) .
Results: Of these patients, 997 (99.9% ) achieved sustained, full donor chimerism. The 100-day cumulative incidences of neutrophil engraftment, platelet engraftment, and grades Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 99.9% (997/998) , 95.3% (951/998) , and 26.6% (95% CI 23.8% -29.4% ) , respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence of total chronic GVHD was 49.1% (95% CI 45.7% -52.4% ) . The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) of the 998 cases were 17.3% (95% CI 15.0% -19.7% ) and 13.8% (95% CI 11.6% -16.0% ) , respectively. The 3-year probabilities of leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were 69.1% (95% CI 66.1% -72.1% ) and 73.0% (95% CI 70.2% -75.8% ) , respectively. In the total patient group, cases with positive Pre-MRD (n=282) experienced significantly higher CIR than that of subjects with negative Pre-MRD [n=716, 31.6% (95% CI 25.8% -37.5% ) vs 14.3% (95% CI 11.4% -17.2% ) , P<0.001]. For patients in the positive Pre-MRD subgroup, cases treated with haplo-HSCT (n=219) had a lower 3-year CIR than that of cases who underwent MSDT [n=63, 27.2% (95% CI 21.0% -33.4% ) vs 47.0% (95% CI 33.8% -60.2% ) , P=0.002]. The total 998 cases were classified as five subgroups, including cases with negative Pre-MRD group (n=716) , cases with Pre-MRD<0.01% group (n=46) , cases with Pre-MRD 0.01% -<0.1% group (n=117) , cases with Pre-MRD 0.1% -<1% group (n=87) , and cases with Pre-MRD≥1% group (n=32) . For subjects in the Pre-MRD<0.01% group, haplo-HSCT (n=40) had a lower CIR than that of MSDT [n=6, 10.0% (95% CI 0.4% -19.6% ) vs 32.3% (95% CI 0% -69.9% ) , P=0.017]. For patients in the Pre-MRD 0.01% -<0.1% group, haplo-HSCT (n=81) also had a lower 3-year CIR than that of MSDT [n=36, 20.4% (95% CI 10.4% -30.4% ) vs 47.0% (95% CI 29.2% -64.8% ) , P=0.004]. In the other three subgroups, the 3-year CIR was comparable between patients who underwent haplo-HSCT and those received MSDT. A subgroup analysis of patients with Pre-MRD<0.1% (n=163) was performed, the results showed that cases received haplo-HSCT (n=121) experienced lower 3-year CIR [16.0% (95% CI 9.4% -22.7% ) vs 40.5% (95% CI 25.2% -55.8% ) , P<0.001], better 3-year LFS [78.2% (95% CI 70.6% -85.8% ) vs 47.6% (95% CI 32.2% -63.0% ) , P<0.001] and OS [80.5% (95% CI 73.1% -87.9% ) vs 54.6% (95% CI 39.2% -70.0% ) , P<0.001] than those of MSDT (n=42) , but comparable in 3-year NRM [5.8% (95% CI 1.6% -10.0% ) vs 11.9% (95% CI 2.0% -21.8% ) , P=0.188]. Multivariate analysis showed that haplo-HSCT was associated with lower CIR (HR=0.248, 95% CI 0.131-0.472, P<0.001) , and superior LFS (HR=0.275, 95% CI 0.157-0.483, P<0.001) and OS (HR=0.286, 95% CI 0.159-0.513, P<0.001) .
Conclusion: Haplo HSCT has a survival advantage over MSDT in the treatment of B-ALL patients with pre MRD<0.1% .

Entities:  

Keywords:  Haploidentical stem cell transplantation; Human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor transplantation; Minimal residual disease; Relapse

Mesh:

Substances:

Year:  2022        PMID: 35405780      PMCID: PMC9072065          DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.03.007

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi        ISSN: 0253-2727


目前,单倍型造血干细胞移植(haplo-HSCT)已被广泛用于恶性血液病的治疗[1]。尽管haplo-HSCT治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)和急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)获得与同胞全相合造血干细胞移植(MSDT)相当的疗效,但由于haplo-HSCT后病毒感染发生率高等原因,MSDT仍是有移植适应证白血病患者的首选移植方式[2]–[4]。Nagler等[5]发现接受haplo-HSCT治疗的ALL患者移植后2年累积复发率(CIR)低于MSDT(HR=0.66, P=0.004),而haplo-HSCT后的高非复发死亡率(NRM)使低CIR未转化为生存优势[5]。我们前期研究发现,对于移植前微小残留病(Pre-MRD)阳性的AML和ALL患者而言,haplo-HSCT较MSDT具有生存优势[6]–[7]。此外,haplo-HSCT也在治疗恶性血液病[8]、难治/复发AML[9]以及霍奇金淋巴瘤[10]–[11]方面较MSDT具有生存优势。对接受haplo-HSCT或MSDT的ALL患者而言,Pre-MRD水平越高,移植后CIR也越高[12]–[14]。Zhao等[13]的研究提示haplo-HSCT有可能克服<0.1%的Pre-MRD对ALL患者移植预后的不良影响。尽管此前的研究提示haplo-HSCT治疗Pre-MRD阳性ALL患者较MSDT具有生存优势,但作者未进行亚组分析[6]。根据此前的研究[5]–[7],[14]–[16],我们推测对于特定Pre-MRD水平的ALL患者而言,haplo-HSCT才能较MSDT显示出优势。为此,我们拟通过扩大患者数量来探讨haplo-HSCT是否较MSDT在治疗急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)具有生存优势以及该优势是否受到Pre-MRD水平的影响。

病例与方法

1. 研究对象:本研究回顾性纳入了2009年6月至2018年6月在北京大学血液病研究所接受allo-HSCT、移植前处于血液学缓解(HCR)状态的998例B-ALL患者。供者选择[3],[6]:HLA相合同胞供者(MSD)作为首选;如果没有MSD,且无合适的无关供者(HLA-A、B、C、DR和DQ位点>8/10或HLA-A、B、DR位点>5/6),则选择单倍型供者。所有患者获得HCR后行2疗程巩固治疗后接受移植[3],[6],本研究经北京大学人民医院伦理委员会批准,所有供、患者均签署知情同意书。 2. 移植方案:造血干细胞动员、移植物采集和回输、预处理方案和移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防及移植后MRD干预参见文献[6],[13]。 3. MRD检测:MRD检测的时间点包括移植前(预处理前4周)、移植后1、2、3、4.5、6、9和12个月,1年后每6个月评估1次MRD[6],[13]。检测方法:①应用白血病相关免疫表型和/或与正常骨髓细胞表型相鉴别的方法借助MFC评估MRD;②借助实时定量聚合酶链反应技术(Q-PCR)测定WT1或BCR/ABL等泛白血病和(或)白血病特异基因评估MRD。具体参见文献[6],[13]。 4. 随访:中位随访时间为44(0.4~135)个月。主要观察终点是白血病CIR;次要观察终点包括造血植入、Ⅱ~Ⅳ度急性GVHD、慢性GVHD、NRM、无白血病生存(LFS)和总生存(OS)等。主要观察终点和次要观察终点的定义见文献[6],[13]。 5. 统计学处理:计数和计量资料用频率和中位数等进行描述统计。MSDT和haplo-HSCT组间供受者特征比较采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验(分类变量)以及t检验或非参数检验。造血植入、急性和慢性GVHD、LFS以及OS等采用Kaplan-Meier进行描述和计算。单因素和多因素分析采用Cox模型进行统计,P<0.1的变量被纳入多因素分析。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据分析。NRM和CIR采用R软件进行竞争风险分析。

结果

1. 总体B-ALL患者的一般资料和移植结果:998例患者中男558例、女440例,中位年龄26(2~63)岁,其中Ph染色体阳性患者346例(34.7%)、移植前疾病状态≥第2次完全缓解(CR2)149例(14.9%)(表1)。所有患者均接受清髓预处理。全部998例中997例获得中性粒细胞植入,中位植入时间为移植后13(9~66)d,移植后100 d植入率为99.9%(997/998);中位血小板植入时间为15(4~418)d,移植后100 d植入率为95.3%(951/998)。移植后100 d Ⅱ~Ⅳ度急性GVHD发生率为26.6%(95%CI 23.8%~29.4%)。中位随访44(0.4~135)个月,3年慢性GVHD累积发生率为49.1%(95%CI 45.7%~52.4%),CIR为17.3%(95%CI 15.0%~19.7%),NRM为13.8%(95%CI 11.6%~16.0%);3年LFS、OS率分别为69.1%(95%CI 66.1%~72.1%)、73.0%(95%CI 70.2%~75.8%)。
表1

接受allo-HSCT的998例急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)及163例移植前微小残留病(MRD)<0.1%患者的临床资料

临床特征总体(998例)移植前MRD < 0.1%
haplo-HSCT(121例)MSDT(42例)统计量P
年龄[岁,M(范围)]26(2~63)26(4~58)37(8~60)−3.3310.002
性别[例(%)]0.0800.778
 男558(55.9)69(57.0)25(59.5)
 女440(44.1)52(43.0)17(40.5)
Ph染色体[例(%)]1.2180.270
 阳性346(34.7)58(47.9)16(38.1)
 阴性652(65.3)63(52.1)26(61.9)
移植前疾病状态[例(%)]1.6610.286
 CR1849(85.1)103(85.1)39(92.9)
 ≥CR2149(14.9)18(14.9)3(7.1)
移植前病程[月,M(范围)]6.5(2.5~192.0)6.0(3.0~69.5)6.0(3.0~24.5)−0.7940.492
供受者性别组合[例(%)]7.7350.052
 女供男195(19.5)25(20.7)15(35.7)
 女供女144(14.4)15(12.4)9(21.4)
 男供女290(29.1)37(30.6)7(16.7)
 男供男369(36.9)44(36.4)11(26.2)
HLA位点不合[例(%)]169.745<0.001
 0个位点217(21.7)2(1.7)42(100)
 1个位点27(2.7)00
 2个位点140(14.0)18(14.9)0
 3个位点614(61.5)101(83.5)0
供受者血型组合[例(%)]3.6380.303
 相合554(55.5)68(56.2)24(57.1)
 主要不合202(20.2)31(25.6)6(14.3)
 次要不合195(19.5)17(14.0)10(23.8)
 主要不合+次要不合47(4.7)5(4.1)2(4.8)
供受者关系[例(%)]75.314<0.001
 父母供子女447(44.8)57(47.1)0
 同胞供同胞426(42.7)38(31.4)42(100)
 子女供父母107(10.7)24(19.8)0
 其他18(1.8)2(1.7)0
移植物[例(%)]11.1430.004
 G-PB+G-BM975(97.7)121(100)38(90.5)
 G-PB23(2.3)04(9.5)
移植物有核细胞[×108/kg,M(范围)]8.17(2.53~20.12)7.91(5.58~15.67)7.73(5.34~11.86)−1.3680.138
移植物CD34+细胞[×106/kg,M(范围)]2.43(0.38~12.66)2.25(0.84~8.07)2.45(0.90~6.39)−0.9180.404
移植后接受MRD指导干预[例(%)]163(16.3)32(26.4)21(50.0)6.4630.011
 仅减停免疫抑制剂36(3.6)4(3.3)3(7.1)
 干扰素57(5.7)13(10.7)7(16.7)
 DLI34(3.4)5(4.1)5(11.9)
 靶向药物36(3.6)10(8.3)6(14.3)

注:allo-HSCT:异基因造血干细胞移植;haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;CR1、CR2分别为第1、2次完全缓解;G-PB:粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员的外周血采集物;G-BM:G-CSF动员的骨髓采集物;DLI:供者淋巴细胞输注

2. 不同Pre-MRD水平对B-ALL患者预后的影响:998例患者分为Pre-MRD阴性组(716例)和阳性组(282例),结果显示阳性组患者移植后的CIR显著高于阴性组[31.6%(95%CI 25.8%~37.5%)对14.3%(95%CI 11.4%~17.2%),P<0.001]。Pre-MRD结果分为阴性组(716例)、<0.01%组(46例)、0.01%~<0.1%组(117组)、0.1%~<1%组(87例)、≥1%组(32例);5组患者中,<0.01%组中haplo-HSCT患者(40例)移植后3年CIR低于MSDT患者(6例)[10.0%(95%CI 0.4%~19.6%)对32.3%(95%CI 0%~69.9%),P=0.017],0.01%~<0.1%组haplo-HSCT患者(81例)移植后3年CIR也低于MSDT患者(36例)[20.4%(95%CI 10.4%~30.4%)对47.0%(95%CI 29.2%~64.8%),P=0.004];其他三组中,haplo-HSCT和MSDT患者移植后3年CIR差异无统计学意义。提示,haplo-HSCT有可能克服<0.1%的Pre-MRD水平对移植预后的不良影响。 3. haplo-HSCT和MSDT对Pre-MRD阳性B-ALL患者预后的影响:998例患者被分为Pre-MRD阴性接受haplo-HSCT(B1组)和MSDT组(B2组)以及Pre-MRD阳性接受haplo-HSCT(B3组)和MSDT组(B4组),结果显示B1组和B2组患者移植后3年CIR差异无统计学意义[14.5%(95%CI 11.3%~17.9%)对12.9%(95%CI 7.1%~18.7%),P=0.944],B3组移植后3年CIR显著低于B4组[27.2%(95%CI 21.0%~33.4%)对47.0%(95%CI 33.8%~60.2%),P=0.002],二者显著高于B1和B2组(P<0.01)。在Pre-MRD<0.01%和0.01%~<0.1%组,haplo-HSCT患者移植后3年CIR低于MSDT患者[Pre-MRD<0.01%组:10.0%(95%CI 0.4%~19.6%)对32.3%(95%CI 0%~69.9%),P=0.017;Pre-MRD 0.01%~<0.1%组:20.4%(95%CI 10.4%~30.4%)对47.0%(95%CI 29.2%~64.8%),P=0.004]。 4. haplo-HSCT和MSDT对Pre-MRD<0.1% B-ALL患者预后的影响:依据移植模式将163例对Pre-MRD<0.1%患者分为haplo-HSCT组(121例)和MSDT组(42例),haplo-HSCT组年龄低于MSDT组(P=0.002)、接受G-CSF动员的外周血采集物(G-PB),患者比例低于MSDT组(P=0.004);此外,haplo-HSCT组移植后接受MRD指导干预的患者比例低于MSDT组(P=0.011),详见表1。 注:allo-HSCT:异基因造血干细胞移植;haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;CR1、CR2分别为第1、2次完全缓解;G-PB:粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员的外周血采集物;G-BM:G-CSF动员的骨髓采集物;DLI:供者淋巴细胞输注 haplo-HSCT组的血小板植入率显著低于MSDT组[98%(119/121)对100%(42/42),P<0.001];haplo-HSCT组移植后3年CIR低于MSDT组[16.0%(95%CI 9.4%~22.7%)对40.5%(95%CI 25.2%~55.8%),P<0.001],LFS和OS均显著高于MSDT组[78.2%(95%CI 70.6%~85.8%)对47.6%(95%CI 32.2%~63.0%),P<0.001;80.5%(95%CI 73.1%~87.9%)对54.6%(95%CI 39.2%~70.0%),P<0.001](表2、图1)。单因素分析显示,影响CIR的变量有移植前CR状态(P=0.063)、移植模式(P<0.001)和发生慢性GVHD(P=0.008);影响NRM的变量有患者性别(P=0.083)和发生Ⅱ~Ⅳ度急性GVHD(P=0.044);影响LFS的变量有移植前CR状态(P=0.055)、移植模式(P<0.001)和发生慢性GVHD(P=0.002);影响OS的因素有移植前CR状态(P=0.020)和移植模式(P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,移植模式是移植后CIR(HR=0.248,P<0.001)、LFS(HR=0.275,P<0.001)和OS(HR=0.286,P<0.001)的独立影响因素(表3、图1)。病例配对分析显示,haplo-HSCT组较MSDT组具有更低的CIR[13.8%(95%CI 6.0%~21.6%)对45.0%(95%CI 28.6%~61.4%),P<0.001]、更高的LFS[80.9%(95%CI 72.3%~89.4%)对47.6%(95%CI 32.2%~63.0%),P<0.001]和OS[84.2%(95%CI 76.2%~92.2%)对54.6%(95%CI 39.2%~70.0%),P<0.001],多因素分析显移植模式是移植后CIR(HR=0.263,P<0.001)、LFS(HR=0.299,P<0.001)和OS(HR=0.263,P<0.001)的独立影响因素(表4)。
表2

haplo-HSCT和MSDT治疗移植前微小残留病(MRD)<0.1%急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)患者的预后

临床特征总体(163例)haplo-HSCT(121例)MSDT(42例)Pa
+100 d中性粒细胞植入率100%100%100%1.000
+100 d血小板植入率95.7%(95%CI 92.5%~98.9%)94.2%(95%CI 90.0%~98.4%)100%<0.001
+100 d Ⅱ~Ⅳ度急性GVHD发生率24.7%(95%CI 17.9%~31.3%)26.5%(95%CI 18.5%~34.5%)19.5%(95%CI 7.1%~31.9%)0.272
3年累积慢性GVHD发生率51.1%(95%CI 42.5%~59.7%)49.0%(95%CI 39.2%~58.8%)58.7%(95%CI 41.3%~76.1%)0.491
3年累积复发率22.4%(95%CI 15.9%~28.9%)16.0%(95%CI 9.4%~22.7%)40.5%(95%CI 25.2%~55.8%)<0.001
3年非复发死亡率7.4%(95%CI 3.3%~11.4%)5.8%(95%CI 1.6%~10.0%)11.9%(95%CI 2.0%~21.8%)0.188
3年无病生存率70.2%(95%CI 63.0%~77.4%)78.2%(95%CI 70.6%~85.8%)47.6%(95%CI 32.2%~63.0%)<0.001
3年总生存率73.7%(95%CI 67.7%~80.7%)80.5%(95%CI 73.1%~87.9%)54.6%(95%CI 39.2%~70.0%)<0.001

注:haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;GVHD:移植物抗宿主病。a MSDT组与haplo-HSCT组比较

图1

移植模式对移植前微小残留病<0.1%急性B淋巴细胞白血病患者造血干细胞移植预后的影响

haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSCT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;A:累积复发;B:非复发死亡;C:无病生存;D:总生存

表3

移植前微小残留病(MRD)<0.1%急性B细胞淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)患者预后影响因素分析

影响因素单因素分析
多因素分析
HR(95% CIPHR(95% CIP
复发
 移植前疾病状态(≥CR2,CR1)2.083(0.961~4.512)0.0633.031(1.351~6.800)0.007
 移植模式(haplo-HSCT,MSDT)0.314(0.170~0.581)<0.0010.248(0.131~0.472)<0.001
 慢性GVHD(发生,未发生)0.402(0.205~0.788)0.0080.345(0.174~0.682)0.002
非复发死亡
 性别(男,女)0.261(0.057~1.192)0.083
 Ⅱ~Ⅳ度急性GVHD(发生,未发生)3.209(1.034~9.953)0.0443.209(1.034~9.953)0.044
无病生存
 移植前疾病状态(≥CR2,CR1)1.960(0.984~3.903)0.0552.741(1.339~5.611)0.006
 移植模式(haplo-HSCT,MSDT)0.342(0.199~0.586)<0.0010.275(0.157~0.483)<0.001
 慢性GVHD(发生,未发生)0.391(0.215~0.712)0.0020.342(0.187~0.627)0.001
总生存
 移植前疾病状态(≥CR2,CR1)2.301(1.143~4.631)0.0202.961(1.448~6.053)0.003
 移植模式(haplo-HSCT,MSDT)0.325(0.183~0.575)<0.0010.286(0.159~0.513)<0.001

注:CR1、CR2分别为第1、2次完全缓解;haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;GVHD:移植物抗宿主病

表4

移植前MRD<0.1%的B-ALL患者预后影响的单因素与多因素分析(MSDT与haplo-HSCT患者配比1∶2)

影响因素单因素分析
多因素分析
HR(95% CIPHR(95% CI)P
复发
 移植模式(haplo-HSCT,MSDT)0.271(0.135~0.546)<0.0010.263(0.130~0.530)<0.001
 慢性GVHD(发生,未发生)0.494(0.243~1.005)0.0520.468(0.230~0.953)0.036
非复发死亡
 性别(男,女)0.150(0.019~1.181)0.0720.150(0.019~1.181)0.072
无病生存
 移植模式(haplo-HSCT,MSDT)0.308(0.168~0.566)<0.0010.299(0.163~0.549)<0.001
 慢性GVHD(发生,未发生)0.473(0.252~0.886)0.0190.451(0.241~0.847)0.013
总生存
 移植模式(haplo-HSCT,MSDT)0.263(0.135~0.512)<0.0010.263(0.135~0.512)<0.001

注:MRD:微小残留病;B-ALL:急性B淋巴细胞白血病;CR:完全缓解;haplo-HSCT:单倍型相合造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;GVHD:移植物抗宿主病

注:haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;GVHD:移植物抗宿主病。a MSDT组与haplo-HSCT组比较

移植模式对移植前微小残留病<0.1%急性B淋巴细胞白血病患者造血干细胞移植预后的影响

haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSCT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;A:累积复发;B:非复发死亡;C:无病生存;D:总生存 注:CR1、CR2分别为第1、2次完全缓解;haplo-HSCT:单倍型造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;GVHD:移植物抗宿主病 注:MRD:微小残留病;B-ALL:急性B淋巴细胞白血病;CR:完全缓解;haplo-HSCT:单倍型相合造血干细胞移植;MSDT:同胞全相合造血干细胞移植;GVHD:移植物抗宿主病

讨论

本研究结果证实,haplo-HSCT治疗Pre-MRD阳性的B-ALL患者较MSDT具有生存优势,与此前其他学者[5],[15]和我们的研究结果[6]–[7],[18],[20]一致。更重要的是,我们还发现haplo-HSCT较MSDT的生存优势仅限于Pre-MRD<0.1%的B-ALL患者;在Pre-MRD阴性或≥0.1%的患者中,haplo-HSCT并未显示出较MSDT具有生存优势。本研究为以前的研究[5]–[7],[16]–[20]增添了新的内容,即对于移植前特定白血病负荷的B-ALL亚组人群,haplo-HSCT才能显示出较MSDT具有生存优势。 近年来,越来越多的研究显示haplo-HSCT治疗恶性血液病较MSDT具有更强的移植物抗白血病(GVL)作用[5]–[7],[18]–[20],然而,并非所有的报道都显示haplo-HSCT较强的GVL作用可转化为生存优势[5],[20];这可能与下列因素有关:①haplo-HSCT后NRM显著高于MSDT[5]。②多数研究报道的是恶性血液病患者总体人群,包括AML、ALL和骨髓增生异常综合征等[7]–[8];Luo等[8]发现对于接受allo-HSCT的恶性血液病患者而言,haplo-HSCT后5年CIR显著低于MSDT(14.2%对34%,P=0.008),但两组5年LFS和OS率并无统计学差异。因此,如何从恶性血液病患者总体人群筛选出能从生存上获益于haplo-HSCT更强GVL作用的亚组人群就显得尤为重要。本研究和我们此前的研究[6]–[7],[18],[20]均显示作为生物学标志的Pre-MRD不仅可用于筛选获益于单倍型供者更强GVL作用的ALL患者,而且还可用于筛选AML患者。 与此前研究[6],[18],[20]不同的是,我们在本研究中确定了Pre-MRD<0.1%的B-ALL患者是生存上可获益于haplo-HSCT更强GVL作用的亚组人群;在该亚组患者中,尽管接受MSDT的患者移植后复发干预的比例显著高于haplo-HSCT组,但haplo-HSCT组患者仍较MSDT组患者复发率低、生存好;haplo-HSCT较MSDT更强的GVL效应可能得益于单倍型相合T细胞较同胞相合T细胞具有更强的同种反应性,这在临床上表现为haplo-HSCT移植后的急性GVHD发生率显著高于MSDT[3]。我们的结果提示haplo-HSCT的GVL作用并非无限强于HLA相合同胞供者,对于Pre-MRD阴性患者,二类供者都具有足够的GVL作用;而Pre-MRD阴性患者接受两类移植后10%左右的CIR可能与MRD检测方法所致的假阴性结果有关[21]。对于Pre-MRD≥0.1%的B-ALL人群而言,haplo-HSCT和MSDT两种移植模式都不能克服移植前白血病负荷对预后的不良影响;该组人群中部分患者接受两类移植后均未复发一方面可能与MRD检测方法导致的假阳性结果有关[21],另一方面可能与白血病的生物学特性有关[22],即haplo-HSCT或MSDT仍对于部分Pre-MRD≥0.1%的B-ALL患者体内的白血病细胞具有GVL作用。此外,移植后白血病细胞能否被清除、疾病获得治愈,取决于白血病细胞和免疫细胞(包括T细胞和自然杀伤细胞)之间的强弱对比,Guo等[18]最近研究发现,免疫细胞和移植前白血病负荷的数量对比可能与其发挥GVL作用密切相关,这也部分解释了为什么对于移植前特定白血病符合范围内的患者(Pre-MRD<1%),haplo-HSCT才能显示出较MSDT更强的GVL作用。当然,明确的机制尚需深入研究。 本研究为回顾性研究,存在如下局限性:首先,我们的分析仅仅是限定在B-ALL人群,因此,有必要就T-ALL人群进行研究,以确定移植前白血病负荷是否影响haplo-HSCT或MSDT的GVL作用;其次,本研究为单中心分析,应该开展前瞻性、多中心研究以探讨哪个亚组的ALL患者人群可获益于haplo-HSCT更强的GVL效应[23]–[25];再次,我们在本研究中借助MFC方法来确定Pre-MRD的阴性和阳性,而采用Q-PCR方法检测MRD的敏感性和特异性优于MFC[17],[26],因此,对于具有特定融合基因(例如BCR/ABL)的患者应该探讨Q-PCR方法检测Pre-MRD在haplo-HSCT和MSDT对ALL患者预后影响中的价值。 本研究结果显示,对于Pre-MRD<1%的B-ALL患者,haplo-HSCT模式在生存方面优于MSDT,在有经验的移植中心,可选择haplo-HSCT模式治疗Pre-MRD<1%的B-ALL患者。
  25 in total

1.  Comparative Analysis of Flow Cytometry and RQ-PCR for the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Authors:  Xiangyu Zhao; Xiaosu Zhao; Huan Chen; Yazhen Qin; Lanping Xu; Xiaohui Zhang; Kaiyan Liu; Xiaojun Huang; Ying-Jun Chang
Journal:  Biol Blood Marrow Transplant       Date:  2018-03-20       Impact factor: 5.742

2.  Graft-versus-leukemia effect in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: significantly lower relapse rate in unrelated transplantations.

Authors:  A Gassas; L Sung; E F Saunders; J Doyle
Journal:  Bone Marrow Transplant       Date:  2007-09-17       Impact factor: 5.483

3.  Use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation based on minimal residual disease response improves outcomes for children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the intermediate-risk group.

Authors:  Cornelia Eckert; Günter Henze; Karlheinz Seeger; Nikola Hagedorn; Georg Mann; Renate Panzer-Grümayer; Christina Peters; Thomas Klingebiel; Arndt Borkhardt; Martin Schrappe; André Schrauder; Gabriele Escherich; Lucie Sramkova; Felix Niggli; Johann Hitzler; Arend von Stackelberg
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2013-06-17       Impact factor: 44.544

4.  Haploidentical transplantation might have superior graft-versus-leukemia effect than HLA-matched sibling transplantation for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

Authors:  Sijian Yu; Fen Huang; Yu Wang; Yajing Xu; Ting Yang; Zhiping Fan; Ren Lin; Na Xu; Li Xuan; Jieyu Ye; Wenjing Yu; Jing Sun; Xiaojun Huang; Qifa Liu
Journal:  Leukemia       Date:  2019-12-12       Impact factor: 11.528

5.  More precisely defining risk peri-HCT in pediatric ALL: pre- vs post-MRD measures, serial positivity, and risk modeling.

Authors:  Peter Bader; Emilia Salzmann-Manrique; Adriana Balduzzi; Jean-Hugues Dalle; Ann E Woolfrey; Merav Bar; Michael R Verneris; Michael J Borowitz; Nirali N Shah; Nathan Gossai; Peter J Shaw; Allen R Chen; Kirk R Schultz; Hermann Kreyenberg; Lucia Di Maio; Gianni Cazzaniga; Cornelia Eckert; Vincent H J van der Velden; Rosemary Sutton; Arjan Lankester; Christina Peters; Thomas E Klingebiel; Andre M Willasch; Stephan A Grupp; Michael A Pulsipher
Journal:  Blood Adv       Date:  2019-11-12

Review 6.  Haploidentical stem cell transplantation: anti-thymocyte globulin-based experience.

Authors:  Ying-Jun Chang; Xiao-Jun Huang
Journal:  Semin Hematol       Date:  2016-01-18       Impact factor: 3.851

7.  [How I choose the best donor in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation settings].

Authors:  Y J Chang
Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi       Date:  2016-08-14

8.  Outcome of haploidentical versus matched sibling donors in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Authors:  Arnon Nagler; Myriam Labopin; Mohamed Houhou; Mahmoud Aljurf; Ashrafsadat Mousavi; Rose-Marie Hamladji; Mohsen Al Zahrani; Sergey Bondarenko; Mutlu Arat; Emanuele Angelucci; Yener Koc; Zafer Gülbas; Simona Sica; Jean Henri Bourhis; Jonathan Canaani; Eolia Brissot; Sebastian Giebel; Mohamad Mohty
Journal:  J Hematol Oncol       Date:  2021-04-01       Impact factor: 17.388

9.  [Comparison of prognostic significance between multiparameter flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the detection of minimal residual disease of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute B lymphocytic leukemia before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Authors:  X Y Wang; Y J Chang; Y R Liu; Y Q Qin; L P Xu; Y Wang; X H Zhang; C H Yan; Y Q Sun; X J Huang; X S Zhao
Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi       Date:  2021-02-14

10.  Haploidentical donor is preferred over matched sibling donor for pre-transplantation MRD positive ALL: a phase 3 genetically randomized study.

Authors:  Ying-Jun Chang; Yu Wang; Lan-Ping Xu; Xiao-Hui Zhang; Huan Chen; Yu-Hong Chen; Feng-Rong Wang; Yu-Qian Sun; Chen-Hua Yan; Fei-Fei Tang; Xiao-Dong Mo; Yan-Rong Liu; Kai-Yan Liu; Xiao-Jun Huang
Journal:  J Hematol Oncol       Date:  2020-03-30       Impact factor: 17.388

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