| Literature DB >> 35362679 |
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining popularity worldwide, but its quality is often affected by excessive pesticide residues during cultivation and production. A sensitive and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of multi-residue pesticides in TCMs is the key to guarantee the quality and safety of TCMs. In this study, broad-spectrum hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced magnetic adsorbents were prepared for the magnetic matrix solid phase dispersion (MMSPD) extraction of 76 pesticides from three different TCMs before their detection by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Unlike the traditional matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), which required tedious SPE column packing, an external magnetic field was employed in our method for magnetic isolation and extraction from TCM samples, followed by grounding adsorption. First, broad-spectrum hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced magnetic adsorbents, Fe3O4@PLS, were successfully fabricated by the swelling polymerization of divinyl benzene (DVB) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic particles. The prepared materials were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) for their morphologies, chemical structure, and crystalline structure. Then, the obtained magnetic particles (Fe3O4@PLS) were applied to MMSPD for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of the 76 pesticides in honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, and pseudo-ginseng root (dry) prior to detection by HPLC-MS/MS. In order to establish the optimal extraction conditions, the key parameters affecting the MMSPD extraction efficiency were optimized, including the amount of magnetic materials Fe3O4@PLS (5, 10, 12, 15, 20 mg), volume fractions of methanol in water for matrix purification (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%), grinding adsorption time for dispersion (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 min), type (methanol, methanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, acetonitrile, acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid) and volume (0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 5 mL) of elution solvent, and vortex time for desorption (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 min). Finally, the optimal conditions were set as follows: 10 mg of the magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4@PLS, 10 mL 20% (v/v) of methanol in water with a vortex time of 1 min for matrix purification, grinding time of 5 min for dispersion and adsorption, 0.5 mL acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the elution solvent, and vortex time of 1 min for desorption. Then, the 76 pesticides were separated on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8 μm) with gradient elution and analyzed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by positive electrospray ionization (ESI+). Under the optimal conditions, good linearities were obtained for the 76 pesticides in the concentration ranges of 10 to 200 μg/kg, with correlation coefficients (r 2)≥0.9965. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) were in the range of 0.6-3.0 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) ranged from 2.0 to 10.0 μg/kg. The proposed method was successfully applied to 76 pesticide residue analysis in honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, and pseudo-ginseng root (dry). At three spiked levels, the recoveries were 69.1%-112.2%, 67.1%-102.8% and 70.1%-105.1%, with RSDs of 2.0%-12.4%, 2.1%-13.2% and 2.0%-13.5% for honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, and pseudo-ginseng root(dry), respectively. The prepared magnetic material Fe3O4@PLS has the characteristics of both strong magnetic responsibility and high broad-spectrum adsorption property for hydrophilic (e. g., carbendazim) and lipophilic (e. g., edifenphos) pesticides. The implementation of the MMSPD method before the analysis of the 76 pesticides by HPLC-MS/MS has the following advantages: less consumption of the magnetic materials, sample, and organic solvent; simple operation; high sensitivity; and satisfactory accuracy and precision. Hence, this is a potential method for the simultaneous determination of multiple pesticide residues in complex non-liquid TCM samples.Entities:
Keywords: high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS); magnetic balanced hydrophilic-lipophilic adsorbents; magnetic matrix solid phase dispersion (MMSPD) extraction; multi-pesticide residues; traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35362679 PMCID: PMC9404116 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.08014
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
76种农药的质谱参数
| No. | Analyte | CAS No. | tR/min | Precursor | Product | Fragment | Collision | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cyromazine (灭蝇胺) | 66215-27-8 | 1.364 | 167.0 | 85.0 | 120 | 25 | |
| 2 | carbendazol (多菌灵) | 10605-21-7 | 2.218 | 192.1 | 160.1 | 80 | 15 | |
| 3 | atraton (莠去通) | 1610-17-9 | 3.498 | 212.2 | 170.2 | 120 | 15 | |
| 4 | desmetryn (敌草净) | 1014-69-3 | 4.027 | 214.1 | 172.1 | 120 | 15 | |
| 5 | prometon (扑灭通) | 1610-18-0 | 4.067 | 226.2 | 142.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 6 | terbuthylon (特丁通) | 33693-04-8 | 4.152 | 226.2 | 170.1 | 120 | 15 | |
| 7 | imazalil (抑霉唑) | 35554-44-0 | 4.785 | 297.0 | 159.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 8 | flumazenil (除草定) | 314-40-9 | 4.804 | 261.0 | 205.0 | 80 | 10 | |
| 9 | cyprazine (环丙津) | 22936-86-3 | 4.915 | 228.2 | 186.1 | 120 | 15 | |
| 10 | ametryn (莠灭净) | 834-12-8 | 4.915 | 228.2 | 186.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 11 | monuron (灭草隆) | 150-68-5 | 4.933 | 199.0 | 72.0 | 120 | 15 | |
| 12 | dichlorovos (敌敌畏) | 62-73-7 | 5.166 | 221.0 | 109.0 | 120 | 15 | |
| 13 | carbofuran (克百威) | 1563-66-2 | 5.795 | 222.3 | 165.1 | 120 | 5 | |
| 14 | chlorotoluron (绿麦隆) | 15545-48-9 | 6.064 | 213.1 | 72.0 | 80 | 25 | |
| 15 | diuron (敌草隆) | 330-54-1 | 6.256 | 233.1 | 72.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 16 | fluometuron (伏草隆) | 2164-17-2 | 6.256 | 233.1 | 72.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 17 | terbutryn (特丁净) | 886-50-0 | 6.263 | 242.2 | 186.1 | 120 | 15 | |
| 18 | phorate-sulfoxide (甲拌磷亚砜) | 3-6-2588 | 6.289 | 277.0 | 143.0 | 100 | 15 | |
| 19 | rabenzazol (吡咪唑) | 40341-04-6 | 6.316 | 213.2 | 172.0 | 120 | 25 | |
| 20 | atrazine (莠去津) | 1912-24-9 | 6.333 | 216.0 | 174.2 | 120 | 15 | |
| 21 | flutriafol (粉唑醇) | 76674-21-0 | 6.362 | 302.1 | 70.0 | 120 | 15 | |
| 22 | colophonate (噻唑硫磷) | 98886-44-3 | 6.380 | 284.1 | 228.1 | 80 | 5 | |
| 23 | N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (避蚊胺) | 134-62-3 | 6.637 | 192.2 | 119.0 | 100 | 15 | |
| 24 | fenfuram (甲呋酰胺) | 58810-48-3 | 6.640 | 282.1 | 160.2 | 120 | 20 | |
| 25 | metalaxyl-M (精甲霜灵) | 70630-17-0 | 6.683 | 280.1 | 192.1 | 100 | 15 | |
| 26 | metalaxyl (甲霜灵) | 57837-19-1 | 6.683 | 280.1 | 192.2 | 120 | 15 | |
| 27 | azaconazole (戊环唑) | 60207-31-0 | 6.723 | 300.1 | 231.1 | 100 | 15 | |
| 28 | metobromuron (溴谷隆) | 3060-89-7 | 7.036 | 259.0 | 170.1 | 80 | 15 | |
| 29 | methyl paraoxon (甲基对氧磷) | 311-45-5 | 7.061 | 276.2 | 220.1 | 100 | 10 | |
| 30 | dimethametryn (阔草净) | 22936-75-0 | 7.337 | 256.2 | 186.1 | 140 | 20 | |
| 31 | fensulphothion (丰索磷) | 115-90-2 | 7.357 | 309.0 | 157.1 | 120 | 25 | |
| 32 | metazachlor (吡唑草胺) | 67129-08-2 | 7.475 | 278.1 | 134.1 | 80 | 20 | |
| 33 | cotofor (杀草净) | 4147-51-7 | 7.479 | 256.1 | 144.1 | 140 | 30 | |
| 34 | diphenamid (双苯酰草胺) | 957-51-7 | 7.871 | 240.1 | 134.1 | 120 | 20 | |
| 35 | propanil (敌稗) | 709-98-8 | 8.042 | 218.0 | 162.1 | 120 | 15 | |
| 36 | dichlofenthion (虫线磷) | 297-97-2 | 8.045 | 249.1 | 97.0 | 80 | 30 | |
| 37 | propazine (扑灭津) | 139-40-2 | 8.099 | 229.9 | 146.1 | 120 | 20 | |
| 38 | triadimenol (三唑醇) | 55219-65-3 | 8.471 | 296.1 | 70.0 | 80 | 10 | |
| 39 | paclobutrazol (多效唑) | 76738-62-0 | 8.623 | 294.2 | 70.0 | 100 | 15 | |
| 40 | terbuthylazine (特丁津) | 5915-41-3 | 8.761 | 230.1 | 174.1 | 120 | 15 | |
| 41 | fenobucarb (仲丁威) | 3766-81-2 | 8.812 | 208.2 | 95.0 | 80 | 10 | |
| 42 | lorox (利谷隆) | 330-55-2 | 9.127 | 249.0 | 160.1 | 100 | 15 | |
| 43 | phenmedipham (甜菜宁) | 13684-63-4 | 9.242 | 301.1 | 168.1 | 80 | 5 | |
| 44 | tiancaian (甜菜胺) | 13684-56-5 | 9.276 | 301.2 | 182.1 | 80 | 5 | |
| 45 | flusilazole (氟硅唑) | 85509-19-9 | 10.462 | 321.1 | 119.0 | 100 | 25 | |
| 46 | pyriftalid (环酯草醚) | 135186-78-6 | 10.521 | 319.0 | 139.1 | 140 | 35 | |
| 47 | cyproconazole (环丙唑醇) | 94361-06-5 | 10.541 | 292.1 | 70.0 | 120 | 15 | |
| 48 | uniconazole (烯效唑) | 83657-22-1 | 10.541 | 292.1 | 70.1 | 120 | 30 | |
| 49 | myclobutanil (腈菌唑) | 88671-89-0 | 10.542 | 289.1 | 125.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 50 | ruelene (育畜磷) | 299-86-5 | 10.717 | 292.1 | 236.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 51 | ethoprophos (灭线磷) | 13194-48-4 | 10.861 | 243.1 | 173.0 | 120 | 10 | |
| 52 | pyridaphethione (哒嗪硫磷) | 119-12-0 | 11.608 | 341.1 | 189.2 | 120 | 20 | |
| No. | Analyte | CAS No. | tR/min | Precursor | Product | Fragment | Collision | |
| 53 | terbufos sulfone (特丁磷砜) | 56070-16-7 | 11.612 | 321.2 | 171.1 | 80 | 5 | |
| 54 | pretilachlor (丙草胺) | 51218-49-6 | 12.289 | 316.1 | 247.1 | 120 | 15 | |
| 55 | penconazole (戊菌唑) | 66246-88-6 | 12.334 | 284.1 | 70.0 | 120 | 15 | |
| 56 | iprobenfos (异稻瘟净) | 26087-47-8 | 12.342 | 289.1 | 91.0 | 80 | 25 | |
| 57 | alachlor (甲草胺) | 15972-60-8 | 12.494 | 270.2 | 238.2 | 80 | 10 | |
| 58 | isazofos (氯唑磷) | 42509-80-8 | 12.752 | 314.1 | 162.1 | 100 | 10 | |
| 59 | flutolanil (氟酰胺) | 66332-96-5 | 12.903 | 324.2 | 262.1 | 30 | 25 | |
| 60 | diniconazole (烯唑醇) | 83657-24-3 | 12.968 | 326.1 | 70.0 | 120 | 25 | |
| 61 | azinphos (嘧硫磷) | 5221-49-8 | 13.147 | 306.1 | 170.2 | 120 | 20 | |
| 62 | buprofezin (噻嗪酮) | 69327-76-0 | 13.347 | 306.2 | 201.0 | 120 | 15 | |
| 63 | diazinon (二嗪磷) | 333-41-5 | 13.470 | 311.1 | 283.0 | 100 | 10 | |
| 64 | mecarbam (灭蚜磷) | 2595-54-2 | 13.727 | 330.0 | 227.0 | 80 | 5 | |
| 65 | tebufenozide (虫酰肼) | 112410-23-8 | 13.942 | 297.0 | 133.0 | 80 | 15 | |
| 66 | pirimiphos-ethyl (乙嘧硫磷) | 38260-54-7 | 14.569 | 293.1 | 125.0 | 80 | 20 | |
| 67 | pirimiphos-methyl (甲基嘧啶磷) | 29232-93-7 | 14.592 | 306.2 | 164.0 | 120 | 20 | |
| 68 | cadusafos (硫线磷) | 95465-99-9 | 14.621 | 271.1 | 159.1 | 80 | 10 | |
| 69 | triallate (野麦畏) | 2303-17-5 | 14.860 | 305.0 | 169.1 | 160 | 20 | |
| 70 | fonofos (地虫硫磷) | 944-22-9 | 15.240 | 247.1 | 109.0 | 80 | 15 | |
| 71 | vernolate (灭草敌) | 1929-77-7 | 15.291 | 204.2 | 128.2 | 100 | 10 | |
| 72 | dehydro barnidipine (治螟磷) | 3689-24-5 | 15.765 | 323.0 | 171.1 | 120 | 10 | |
| 73 | ediphenphos (敌瘟磷) | 17109-49-8 | 16.185 | 312.1 | 252.1 | 100 | 15 | |
| 74 | pyrimitate (嘧啶磷) | 23505-41-1 | 17.139 | 334.2 | 198.2 | 120 | 20 | |
| 75 | S-bioallethrin (烯丙菊酯) | 584-79-2 | 17.284 | 303.2 | 135.1 | 60 | 10 | |
| 76 | tebupirimfos (丁基嘧啶磷) | 96182-53-5 | 17.425 | 319.1 | 277.1 | 120 | 10 | |
图1Fe3O4@PLS和Fe3O4的表征结果
图2不同萃取条件对76种农药回收率的影响
本方法与其他方法的比较
| Sample | Method | Adsorbent | Analytes | Amount of | Amount of | LOQ | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | SPE-HPLC-MS/MS | Cleanrt®-PEP SPE column | 18 pesticides | 300 mL | 500 | mg | 10 | ng/L | [10] |
| Bayberry | Pass-through SPE- | PRiME HLB SPE column | 29 pesticides | 5 g | 200 | mg | 6.0 | μg/kg | [11] |
| UPLC-MS/MS | |||||||||
| Commercial | DLLME-UPLC-MS/MS | PSA | 6 pesticides | 4 g | 1.5 | g | 0.06-0.10 | μg/kg | [13] |
| herbal tea | |||||||||
| Herb tea | QuECHERS-HPLC-MS/MS | C18+PSA+GCB | 77 pesticides | 2 g | 1.05 | g | 3.3-33.3 | μg/kg | [14] |
| TCMs | MMSPD-HPLC-MS/MS | Fe3O4@PLS | 76 pesticides | 10 mg | 10 | mg | 1.7-20.7 | μg/kg | this work |
TCMs: traditional Chinese medicine; DLLME: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; MMSPD: magnetic matrix solid phase dispesion; PEP: polar enhanced polymer; HLB: hydrophile-lipophile balance.
图3金银花阳性样品的多反应监测色谱图