| Literature DB >> 35262590 |
Joana Delgado-Silva1,2, Ana Paula Moreira3,4, Gracinda Costa1,3, Lino Gonçalves1,2,5.
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system plays a central role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess cardiac sympathetic activity and investigate the role of myocardial123I-labelled meta-iodo benzyl guanidine ([123I] MIBG) scintigraphy in cardiovascular risk stratification of patients with resistant hypertension treated with renal denervation (RDN). Eighteen patients were included in this prospective study (mean age 56 ± 10 years old, 27.8% females). Transthoracic echocardiogram, general blood analysis and myocardial ([123I] MIBG scintigraphy were performed before and six-months after RDN. A patient was considered a responder (R) if a drop ≥ 5mmHg on mean systolic ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring was observed at the six-month follow-up. 66.7% of patients were R (drop in systolic BP of 20.6 ± 14.5mmHg, vs minus 8 ± 11.6mmHg in non-responders (NR), p=0.001). Early heart-mediastinum ratio (HMR) was significantly lower at baseline in the R group (1.6 ± 0.1 vs 1.72 ± 0.1, p<0.02) but similar at six months. Considering both instants in time, the R group had lower early HMR values than the NR group (p<0.05). Both the late HMR and the washout rate were identical and no significant correlation between response to RDN or any MIBG imaging index was found. Renal denervation effectively lowered blood pressure in the majority of patients but [123I] MIBG was not useful in predicting the response. However, there was evidence of sympathetic overdrive and, both early and late HMR were overall reduced, probably putting this population at a higher risk of adverse events.Entities:
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Year: 2022 PMID: 35262590 PMCID: PMC8856689 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201253
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol ISSN: 0066-782X Impact factor: 2.000
Características basais e relacionadas ao procedimento, MAPA basal e evolução de 6 meses e parâmetros da cintigrafia com MIBG basal e de seguimento de 6 meses, em geral, grupos ‘respondedores’ e ‘não respondedores’
| Geral | R (n=12) | NR (n=6) | p valor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Média de idade (A) | 56 ± 10 | 58,4 ± 9,8 | 51,3 ± 10,3 | 0,17 (ns) |
| Sexo feminino (%) | 27,8 | 16,7 | 50 | 0,14 (ns) |
| Diagnóstico de HT (A) | 19 ± 7,9 | 19,8 ± 8,7 | 17,5 ± 6,2 | 0,57 (ns) |
| Dislipidemia (%) | 88,9 | 83,3 | 100 | 0,29 (ns) |
| Diabetes (%) | 44,4 | 41,7 | 50 | 0,73 (ns) |
| Tabagismo ativo (%) | 27,8 | 16,7 | 50 | 0,14 (ns) |
| IMC (Kg/m2) | 29,7 ± 4,1 | 29,5 ± 4 | 30 ± 4,7 | 0,84 (ns) |
| Apneia do sono (%) | 66,7 | 66,7 | 66,7 | 1 (ns) |
| Número de medicamentos para HT (n ± DP) | 5,2 ± 1,2 | 5,2 ± 1,5 | 5,3 ± 0,5 | 0,79 (ns) |
| Espironolactona (%) | 61,1 | 66,7 | 50 | 051 (ns) |
| Bloqueadores do canal de cálcio (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | ---- |
| Betabloqueadores (%) | 77,8 | 75 | 83,3 | 0,7 (ns) |
| Inibidores da ECA/BRAs (%) | 94,4 | 91,7 | 100 | 0,48 (ns) |
| Diuréticos (%) | 94,4 | 91,7 | 100 | 0,48 (ns) |
| Bloqueadores alfa-2 (%) | 61,1 | 58,3 | 66,7 | 0,74 (ns) |
| Creatinina basal (mg/dl) | 0,88 ± 0,2 | 0,9 ± 0,2 | 0,7 ± 0,2 | 0,56 (ns) |
| Fração de ejeção basal(%) | 59 ± 9 | 59 ± 9 | 59 ± 8 | 0,94 (ns) |
| Fração de ejeção 6M (%) | 58 ± 9 | 56 ± 9 | 62 ± 9 | 0,21 (ns) |
| Espessura do SIV basal (mm) | 12,4 ± 3,7 | 13,4 ± 4,2 | 10,5 ± 1,4 | 0,12 (ns) |
| Espessura do SIV 6M (mm) | 12,9 ± 2,6 | 13,4 ± 3 | 12 ± 1,3 | 0,29 (ns) |
| Espessura da PP basal (mm) | 10,9 ± 1,9 | 11,5 ± 2 | 9,7 ± 1,2 | 0,06 (ns) |
| Espessura da PP 6M (mm) | 10,2 ± 2,3 | 10,5 ± 2,5 | 9,7 ± 1,6 | 0,48 (ns) |
| Volume AE basal (mL/m2) | 56,4 ± 19,5 | 53,8 ± 14,8 | 61,8 ± 11,3 | 0,43 (ns) |
| Volume AE 6M (mL/m2) | 56 ± 22,3 | 59 ± 23 | 51 ± 22 | 0,51 (ns) |
| E / E ‘ basal | 11,1 ± 3,5 | 9,9 ± 3 | 13,6 ± 3,2 | 0,02 |
| E/E’ 6M | 11 ± 3,5 | 10,9 ± 4 | 11 ± 2,4 | 0,95 (ns) |
| PAS média basal (mmHg) | 154,6 ± 11,7 | 154,5 ± 11,4 | 154,8 ± 13,5 | 0,96 (ns) |
| Queda na PAS 6M (mmHg) | 11 ± 19,2 | 20,6 ± 14,5 | -8 ± 11,6 | 0,001 |
| PAD média basal (mmHg) | 90,7 ± 14 | 88,2 ± 13,5 | 95,7 ± 14,8 | 0,29 (ns) |
| Queda na PAD 6M (mmHg) | 6,3 ± 9 | 10,4 ± 7,1 | -1,8 ± 6,5 | 0,004 |
| Frequência cardíaca basal (bpm) | 71 ± 10 | 70 ± 9 | 73 ± 14 | 0,67 (ns) |
| Frequência cardíaca 6M | 70 ± 10 | 68 ± 9 | 76 ± 11 | 0,44 (ns) |
| Número de ablações (n ± DP) | 27,2 ± 7,7 | 28,7 ± 8,1 | 24,2 ± 6,3 | 0,25 (ns) |
| Tempo de fluoroscopia (min) | 19,3 ± 11,4 | 16,3 ± 5,5 | 26,5 ± 18,6 | <0,04 |
| RCM basal 15 min | 1,63 ± 0,11 | 1,59 ± 0,10 | 1,72 ± 0,08 | <0,02 |
| RCM 6M 15 min | 1,64 ± 0,12 | 1,61 ± 0,10 | 1,70 ± 0,14 | 0,14 (ns) |
| RCM basal 4 horas | 1,60 ± 0,11 | 1,59 ± 0,10 | 1,64 ± 0,14 | 0,22 (ns) |
| RCM 6M 4 horas | 1,60 ± 0,16 | 1,59 ± 0,12 | 1,63 ± 0,24 | 0,64 (ns) |
| WR basal | 22,7 ± 18,6 | 17,9 ± 10 | 32,2 ± 28,2 | 0,13 (ns) |
| WR 6M | 25,9 ± 16,4 | 25,4 ± 17,9 | 27 ± 14,2 | 0,86 (ns) |
A: anos; HT: hipertensão; IMC: índice de massa corporal; ECA: enzima de conversão da angiotensina; BRAs: bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina; M: meses; SIV: septo intraventricular; PP: parede posterior; AE: átrio esquerdo; MAPA: monitoração ambulatorial da pressão arterial; PAS: pressão arterial sistólica; PAD: pressão arterial diastólica; bpm: batimentos por minuto; MIBG: metaiodobenzilguanidina marcada com
Figura 1– Cintigrafia miocárdica com MIBG em pacientes submetidos à denervação renal (DR). (A) Relação coração-mediastino (RMC) inicial (15 minutos) e tardia (4 horas) na linha basal e seis meses (6M) após a DR, em ‘respondedores’ (R) vs. ‘não respondedores’ (NR) – a RMC inicial foi significantemente mais baixa em R, na linha basal; (B) Taxa de washout na linha basal e seis meses após a DR em R vs. NR; (C) e (D) cintilografia com MIBG, projeção anterior do tórax, na linha basal, em um respondedor, aos 15 minutos (C) e após quatro horas (D).
Baseline and procedural-related characteristics, ABPM baseline and 6 months evolution and MIBG scintigraphy parameters at baseline and at 6-month follow-up, in the overall, ‘responder’ and ‘non-responder’ groups
| Overall | R (n=12) | NR (n=6) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (Y) | 56 ± 10 | 58.4 ± 9.8 | 51.3 ± 10.3 | 0.17 (ns) |
| Female gender (%) | 27.8 | 16.7 | 50 | 0.14 (ns) |
| Diagnosis of HT (Y) | 19 ± 7.9 | 19.8 ± 8.7 | 17.5 ± 6.2 | 0.57 (ns) |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 88.9 | 83.3 | 100 | 0.29 (ns) |
| Diabetes (%) | 44.4 | 41.7 | 50 | 0.73 (ns) |
| Active smoking (%) | 27.8 | 16.7 | 50 | 0.14 (ns) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 4.1 | 29.5 ± 4 | 30 ± 4.7 | 0.84 (ns) |
| Sleep apnea (%) | 66.7 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 1 (ns) |
| Number of HT drugs (n±SD) | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 0.79 (ns) |
| Spironolactone (%) | 61.1 | 66.7 | 50 | 051 (ns) |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | ---- |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 77.8 | 75 | 83.3 | 0.7 (ns) |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs (%) | 94.4 | 91.7 | 100 | 0.48 (ns) |
| Diuretics (%) | 94.4 | 91.7 | 100 | 0.48 (ns) |
| Alpha2-blockers (%) | 61.1 | 58.3 | 66.7 | 0.74 (ns) |
| Baseline Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.56 (ns) |
| Baseline ejection fraction (%) | 59 ± 9 | 59 ± 9 | 59 ± 8 | 0.94 (ns) |
| 6M ejection fraction (%) | 58 ± 9 | 56 ± 9 | 62 ± 9 | 0.21 (ns) |
| Baseline IVS thickness (mm) | 12.4 ± 3.7 | 13.4 ± 4.2 | 10.5 ± 1.4 | 0.12 (ns) |
| 6M IVS thickness (mm) | 12.9 ± 2.6 | 13.4 ± 3 | 12 ± 1.3 | 0.29 (ns) |
| Baseline PW thickness (mm) | 10.9 ± 1.9 | 11.5 ± 2 | 9.7 ± 1.2 | 0.06 (ns) |
| 6M PW thickness (mm) | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 10.5 ± 2.5 | 9.7 ± 1.6 | 0.48 (ns) |
| Baseline LA volume (ml/m2) | 56.4 ± 19.5 | 53.8 ± 14.8 | 61.8 ± 11.3 | 0.43 (ns) |
| 6M LA volume (ml/m2) | 56 ± 22.3 | 59 ± 23 | 51 ± 22 | 0.51 (ns) |
| Baseline E/E’ | 11.1 ± 3.5 | 9.9 ± 3 | 13.6 ± 3.2 | 0.02 |
| 6M E/E’ | 11 ± 3.5 | 10.9 ± 4 | 11 ± 2.4 | 0.95 (ns) |
| Baseline mean SBP (mmHg) | 154.6 ± 11.7 | 154.5 ± 11.4 | 154.8 ± 13.5 | 0.96 (ns) |
| Drop in SBP 6M (mmHg) | 11 ± 19.2 | 20.6 ± 14.5 | -8 ± 11.6 | 0.001 |
| Baseline mean DBP (mmHg) | 90.7 ± 14 | 88.2 ± 13.5 | 95.7 ± 14.8 | 0.29 (ns) |
| Drop in DBP 6M (mmHg) | 6.3 ± 9 | 10.4 ± 7.1 | -1.8 ± 6.5 | 0.004 |
| Baseline heart rate (bpm) | 71 ± 10 | 70 ± 9 | 73 ± 14 | 0.67 (ns) |
| 6M heart rate | 70 ± 10 | 68 ± 9 | 76 ± 11 | 0.44 (ns) |
| Number of ablations (n ± SD) | 27.2 ± 7.7 | 28.7 ± 8.1 | 24.2 ± 6.3 | 0.25 (ns) |
| Fluoroscopy time (min) | 19.3 ± 11.4 | 16.3 ± 5.5 | 26.5 ± 18.6 | <0.04 |
| Baseline HMR 15 min | 1.63 ± 0.11 | 1.59 ± 0.10 | 1.72 ± 0.08 | <0.02 |
| 6M HMR 15 min | 1.64 ± 0.12 | 1.61 ± 0.10 | 1.70 ± 0.14 | 0.14 (ns) |
| Baseline HMR 4 hours | 1.60 ± 0.11 | 1.59 ± 0.10 | 1.64 ± 0.14 | 0.22 (ns) |
| 6M HMR 4 hours | 1.60 ± 0.16 | 1.59 ± 0.12 | 1.63 ± 0.24 | 0.64 (ns) |
| Baseline WR | 22.7 ± 18.6 | 17.9 ± 10 | 32.2 ± 28.2 | 0.13 (ns) |
| 6M WR | 25.9 ± 16.4 | 25.4 ± 17.9 | 27 ± 14.2 | 0.86 (ns) |
Y: years; HT: hypertension; BMI: body mass index; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; M: months; IVS: intraventricular septum; PW: posterior wall; LA: left atrium; ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; bpm: beats per minute; MIBG:
Figure 1– Myocardial MIBG scintigraphy in patients submitted to renal denervation (RDN). (A) Early (15 minutes) and late (4 hours) heart-mediastinum ratio (HMR) at baseline and six-months (6M) after RDN, in ‘responders’ (R) vs ‘non-responders’ (NR) – early HMR was significantly lower in R, at baseline; (B) Washout rate at baseline and six-months after RDN in R vs NR; (C) and (D) MIBG scintigraphy, thorax anterior projection, at baseline, in a responder, at 15 minutes (C) and at four hours (D).