Chia-Kuang Tsai1, Chia-Lin Tsai1, Guan-Yu Lin1, Fu-Chi Yang2, Shuu-Jiun Wang3,4,5. 1. Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan. fuji-yang@yahoo.com.tw. 3. Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou 112, Taipei, Taiwan. sjwang@vghtpe.gov.tw. 4. Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. sjwang@vghtpe.gov.tw. 5. College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. sjwang@vghtpe.gov.tw.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an update on sex differences in chronic migraine (CM), with a focus on clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatments. RECENT FINDINGS: Approximately 6.8-7.8% of all migraineurs have CM, with an estimated prevalence of 1.4-2.2% in the general population. The economic burden caused by CM, including medical costs and lost working ability, is threefold higher than that caused by episodic migraine (EM). Notably, the prevalence of migraine is affected by age and sex. Female migraineurs with CM experience higher levels of headache-related disability, including longer headache duration, higher frequency of attacks, and more severely impacted efficiency at work. Sex hormones, including estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone, contribute to the sexually dimorphic characteristics and prevalence of migraine in men and women. Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that migraine may have a greater impact and cause greater dysfunction in the organization of resting-state functional networks in women. Accumulating evidence suggests that topiramate, Onabotulinumtoxin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies are effective as the preventative treatments for CM. Recent evidence highlights a divergence in the characteristics of CM between male and female populations. The data comparing the treatment response for CM regarding sex are lacking.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an update on sex differences in chronic migraine (CM), with a focus on clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatments. RECENT FINDINGS: Approximately 6.8-7.8% of all migraineurs have CM, with an estimated prevalence of 1.4-2.2% in the general population. The economic burden caused by CM, including medical costs and lost working ability, is threefold higher than that caused by episodic migraine (EM). Notably, the prevalence of migraine is affected by age and sex. Female migraineurs with CM experience higher levels of headache-related disability, including longer headache duration, higher frequency of attacks, and more severely impacted efficiency at work. Sex hormones, including estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone, contribute to the sexually dimorphic characteristics and prevalence of migraine in men and women. Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that migraine may have a greater impact and cause greater dysfunction in the organization of resting-state functional networks in women. Accumulating evidence suggests that topiramate, Onabotulinumtoxin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies are effective as the preventative treatments for CM. Recent evidence highlights a divergence in the characteristics of CM between male and female populations. The data comparing the treatment response for CM regarding sex are lacking.
Authors: Dawn C Buse; Aubrey N Manack; Kristina M Fanning; Daniel Serrano; Michael L Reed; Catherine C Turkel; Richard B Lipton Journal: Headache Date: 2012-07-25 Impact factor: 5.887
Authors: Samer A Almuqairsha; Mohammad I Aldekhail; Abdullah I Aldekhail; Mohammed H Alresaini; Sulaiman S Almarshoud; Salman A Alashqar; Ibrahim Algosair; Haitham H Alresaini Journal: Cureus Date: 2022-08-17