Zhong Lin1,2, Feng-Hua Wang3, Liang Wen4, Yu Wang4, Dong Li4, Xiao-Xia Ding4, Yu Dou4, Gang Zhai4, Yuan-Bo Liang1,2. 1. The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China. 2. National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China. 3. Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China. 4. Fushun Eye Hospital, Fushun 113006, Liaoning Province, China.
Abstract
AIM: To estimate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME), and to assess their risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) located in northeast China. METHODS: Patients were included from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), a community-based study conducted in northeast China. The presence of DME and CSME was determined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy scale of fundus photographs. The age-standardized prevalence of DME and CSME was estimated. The association between DME/CSME and risk factors was analyzed in a multivariate Logistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 292 (15.4%) and 166 (8.8%) patients were diagnosed as DME and CSME, yielding the age and sex standardized prevalence of 13.5% (95%CI: 11.9%-15.0%), and 7.1% (95%CI: 5.9%-8.3%), respectively. Female patients had a higher prevalence of DME compared to their male counterparts (15.7% vs 10.4%, P=0.03). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, insulin use, proteinuria, longer duration of diabetes, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, were associated with the prevalence of DME and CSME. Patients with higher fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and blood urea nitrogen were also found to be associated with DME. CONCLUSION: Early fundus screening in diabetic patients is invaluable and given the relatively high prevalence of DME and CSME in this study cohort, those with a high risk of sight threatening maculopathy would invariably benefit from earlier detection. International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.
AIM: To estimate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME), and to assess their risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) located in northeast China. METHODS: Patients were included from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), a community-based study conducted in northeast China. The presence of DME and CSME was determined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy scale of fundus photographs. The age-standardized prevalence of DME and CSME was estimated. The association between DME/CSME and risk factors was analyzed in a multivariate Logistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 292 (15.4%) and 166 (8.8%) patients were diagnosed as DME and CSME, yielding the age and sex standardized prevalence of 13.5% (95%CI: 11.9%-15.0%), and 7.1% (95%CI: 5.9%-8.3%), respectively. Female patients had a higher prevalence of DME compared to their male counterparts (15.7% vs 10.4%, P=0.03). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, insulin use, proteinuria, longer duration of diabetes, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, were associated with the prevalence of DME and CSME. Patients with higher fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and blood urea nitrogen were also found to be associated with DME. CONCLUSION: Early fundus screening in diabetic patients is invaluable and given the relatively high prevalence of DME and CSME in this study cohort, those with a high risk of sight threatening maculopathy would invariably benefit from earlier detection. International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.
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