PURPOSE: To assess diabetic retinopathy prevalence and its risk factors in a society with type 2 diabetes epidemic using the Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR). METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study using patient's clinical data found in SNDR data base. A cohort of 50,464 Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥25 years were selected to assess for the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 19.7%, where 9.1% have non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 10.6% have proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 5.7% have macular oedema (ME). Duration of diabetes and age are the most significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 8.88 (8.30-9.50) and 5.76 (5.10-6.55), respectively. Nephropathy, neuropathy, insulin use, poor glycemic control, hypertension and male gender significantly increased the risk for diabetic retinopathy. Smoking, hyperlipidemia and obesity significantly reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy among type 2 Saudi diabetic cohort. CONCLUSION: vThe low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our registry may be a result of the shortage or absence of well-structured screening programmes. Therefore, many patients with NPDR might have been missed. A prevention programme is needed to reduce the effect of diabetic retinopathy risk factors in this society.
PURPOSE: To assess diabetic retinopathy prevalence and its risk factors in a society with type 2 diabetes epidemic using the Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR). METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study using patient's clinical data found in SNDR data base. A cohort of 50,464 Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥25 years were selected to assess for the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 19.7%, where 9.1% have non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 10.6% have proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 5.7% have macular oedema (ME). Duration of diabetes and age are the most significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 8.88 (8.30-9.50) and 5.76 (5.10-6.55), respectively. Nephropathy, neuropathy, insulin use, poor glycemic control, hypertension and male gender significantly increased the risk for diabetic retinopathy. Smoking, hyperlipidemia and obesity significantly reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy among type 2 Saudi diabetic cohort. CONCLUSION: vThe low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our registry may be a result of the shortage or absence of well-structured screening programmes. Therefore, many patients with NPDR might have been missed. A prevention programme is needed to reduce the effect of diabetic retinopathy risk factors in this society.
Authors: E Al Kahtani; Z Xu; S Al Rashaed; L Wu; A Mahale; J Tian; E B Abboud; N G Ghazi; I Kozak; V Gupta; J F Arevalo; E J Duh Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2016-11-25 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Jianbo Pan; Sheng Liu; Michael Farkas; Mark Consugar; Donald J Zack; Igor Kozak; J Fernando Arevalo; Eric Pierce; Jiang Qian; Eman Al Kahtani Journal: Mol Vis Date: 2016-06-11 Impact factor: 2.367
Authors: Herbert F Jelinek; Wael M Osman; Ahsan H Khandoker; Kinda Khalaf; Sungmun Lee; Wael Almahmeed; Habiba S Alsafar Journal: BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Date: 2017-08-08
Authors: Sami H Alzahrani; Marwan A Bakarman; Saleh M Alqahtani; Maha S Alqahtani; Nadeem Shafique Butt; Emad M Salawati; Ahmad Alkatheri; Ahmad Azam Malik; Khaled Saad Journal: Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab Date: 2018-03-04 Impact factor: 3.565