Yijun Chen1, Wenci Weng1, Haiyang Zhang2, Guangli Rong1, Xuewen Yu3, Qing Wei4, Mumin Shao3, Yuchun Cai1, Pengxun Han1, Huili Sun1,2. 1. Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China. 2. Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China. 3. Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China. 4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China.
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that both artemether and enalapril are effective in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of their combination in treating DN remain unknown. The experimental DN model was induced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly allocated to the Type 1 diabetes control (T1D-ctrl), STZ, STZ + artemether (STZ + Art), STZ + enalapril (STZ + ACEi), or STZ + artemether + enalapril (STZ + Art + ACEi) group. The interventions lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, related urine and serum biochemical values, such as urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), were measured. In addition, blood pressure (BP) and kidney morphologic changes were also evaluated. The expression of oxidative stress related molecules, such as catalase, acetylated SOD2 (k68) and acetylated SOD2 (k122) in the kidney were measured. Results: combination therapy showed more pronounced effects in reducing UAE, FBG, and BP than any single drug. Typical diabetic kidney injuries, such as heavier kidney weight, and glomerular and tubular hypertrophy, were also further alleviated by combination therapy. Combination therapy also up-regulated the expression of catalase and down-regulated the expression of acetylated SOD2 (k68) and acetylated SOD2 (k122). Combination therapy with artemether and enalapril exhibited renoprotective effects in STZ-induced T1D mice superior to a single drug. The mechanism might be associated with their synergistic effects in enhancing antioxidant defense. AJTR
Previous studies have demonstrated that both artemether and enalapril are effective in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of their combination in treating DN remain unknown. The experimental DN model was induced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly allocated to the Type 1 diabetes control (T1D-ctrl), STZ, STZ + artemether (STZ + Art), STZ + enalapril (STZ + ACEi), or STZ + artemether + enalapril (STZ + Art + ACEi) group. The interventions lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, related urine and serum biochemical values, such as urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), were measured. In addition, blood pressure (BP) and kidney morphologic changes were also evaluated. The expression of oxidative stress related molecules, such as catalase, acetylated SOD2 (k68) and acetylated SOD2 (k122) in the kidney were measured. Results: combination therapy showed more pronounced effects in reducing UAE, FBG, and BP than any single drug. Typical diabetic kidney injuries, such as heavier kidney weight, and glomerular and tubular hypertrophy, were also further alleviated by combination therapy. Combination therapy also up-regulated the expression of catalase and down-regulated the expression of acetylated SOD2 (k68) and acetylated SOD2 (k122). Combination therapy with artemether and enalapril exhibited renoprotective effects in STZ-induced T1D mice superior to a single drug. The mechanism might be associated with their synergistic effects in enhancing antioxidant defense. AJTR
Authors: B M Brenner; M E Cooper; D de Zeeuw; W F Keane; W E Mitch; H H Parving; G Remuzzi; S M Snapinn; Z Zhang; S Shahinfar Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2001-09-20 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Pouya Saeedi; Inga Petersohn; Paraskevi Salpea; Belma Malanda; Suvi Karuranga; Nigel Unwin; Stephen Colagiuri; Leonor Guariguata; Ayesha A Motala; Katherine Ogurtsova; Jonathan E Shaw; Dominic Bright; Rhys Williams Journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract Date: 2019-09-10 Impact factor: 5.602