Jing Luo1, Lixiang Li2, Chuntana Reangsing3,4, Joanne Kraenzle Schneider3. 1. School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, China. jingluo2018@gmc.edu.cn. 2. School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, China. 3. Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, MO, St. Louis, USA. 4. School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although psychotherapy is a common treatment for hopelessness and hope, the effectiveness remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively synthesize available evidence related to the effect of a broad range of psychotherapy interventions on hope/hopelessness in cancer patients. METHOD: Eight electronic databases were searched for studies with adult cancer patients (mean age ≥ 18 years) receiving psychotherapy interventions with hope/hopelessness measured as outcomes and written in English. We used the random-effects model to compute effect size using Hedges' g and conducted moderator analyses. RESULTS: We found 27 primary studies which included 1,998 participants who were 57.6 ± 8.0 years old across studies. The psychotherapy effect size ranged from - 0.86 to 2.92. Researchers who conducted psychotherapy at hospital/health centers showed higher effects, that is, improved hope scores (g = 0.63), than those who conducted psychotherapy in the community (g = 0.05). When researchers enrolled participants alone, psychotherapy resulted in higher effects (g = 0.62) than when partners/caregivers were involved (g = - 0.04). Researchers who included group discussion showed lower effects (g = 0.36) than without group discussion (g = 1.10). Researchers who examined fidelity found lower effects (g = 0.16) than researchers who did not examine fidelity (g = 0.66). Interestingly, researchers who studied people with breast cancer showed higher effects (g = 0.96) than those who studied people with other types of cancer (g = 0.26). Researchers who included higher percentages of women showed greater effects (slope = 0.008, Qmodel = 3.99, p = 0.046). Finally, the greater the time span between psychotherapy and the measurement of hope, the lower the psychotherapy effects (slope = - 0.002, Qmodel = 4.25, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Psychotherapy had a solid moderate effect on reducing hopelessness and improving hope in cancer patients compared to controls.
BACKGROUND: Although psychotherapy is a common treatment for hopelessness and hope, the effectiveness remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively synthesize available evidence related to the effect of a broad range of psychotherapy interventions on hope/hopelessness in cancer patients. METHOD: Eight electronic databases were searched for studies with adult cancer patients (mean age ≥ 18 years) receiving psychotherapy interventions with hope/hopelessness measured as outcomes and written in English. We used the random-effects model to compute effect size using Hedges' g and conducted moderator analyses. RESULTS: We found 27 primary studies which included 1,998 participants who were 57.6 ± 8.0 years old across studies. The psychotherapy effect size ranged from - 0.86 to 2.92. Researchers who conducted psychotherapy at hospital/health centers showed higher effects, that is, improved hope scores (g = 0.63), than those who conducted psychotherapy in the community (g = 0.05). When researchers enrolled participants alone, psychotherapy resulted in higher effects (g = 0.62) than when partners/caregivers were involved (g = - 0.04). Researchers who included group discussion showed lower effects (g = 0.36) than without group discussion (g = 1.10). Researchers who examined fidelity found lower effects (g = 0.16) than researchers who did not examine fidelity (g = 0.66). Interestingly, researchers who studied people with breast cancer showed higher effects (g = 0.96) than those who studied people with other types of cancer (g = 0.26). Researchers who included higher percentages of women showed greater effects (slope = 0.008, Qmodel = 3.99, p = 0.046). Finally, the greater the time span between psychotherapy and the measurement of hope, the lower the psychotherapy effects (slope = - 0.002, Qmodel = 4.25, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Psychotherapy had a solid moderate effect on reducing hopelessness and improving hope in cancer patients compared to controls.
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