Sergey Gulyaev1, Xin-Jie Cai1, Fei-Yi Guo2, Satoshi Kikuchi3, Wendy L Applequist4, Zhi-Xiang Zhang2, Elvira Hörandl5, Li He1,6. 1. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. 2. College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. 3. Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization. Hitsujigaoka 7, Toyohira, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan. 4. William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 5. Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany. 6. Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The largest genus of Salicaceae sensu lato, Salix, has been shown to consist of two main clades: clade Salix, in which species have XY sex-determination systems (SDSs) on chromosome 7, and clade Vetrix including species with ZW SDSs on chromosome 15. Here, we test the utility of whole genome re-sequencing (WGR) for phylogenomic reconstructions of willows to infer changes between different SDSs. METHODS: We used more than 1 TB of WGR data from 70 Salix taxa to ascertain single nucleotide polymorphisms on the autosomes, the sex-linked regions (SLRs) and the chloroplast genomes, for phylogenetic and species tree analyses. To avoid bias, we chose reference genomes from both groups, Salix dunnii from clade Salix and S. purpurea from clade Vetrix. KEY RESULTS: Two main largely congruent groups were recovered: the paraphyletic Salix grade and the Vetrix clade. The autosome dataset trees resolved four subclades (C1-C4) in Vetrix. C1 and C2 comprise species from the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas and from Eurasia, respectively. Section Longifoliae (C3) grouped within the Vetrix clade but fell into the Salix clade in trees based on the chloroplast dataset analysis. Salix triandra from Eurasia (C4) was revealed as sister to the remaining species of clade Vetrix. In Salix, the polyploid group C5 is paraphyletic to clade Vetrix and subclade C6 is consistent with Argus's subgenus Protitea. Chloroplast datasets separated both Vetrix and Salix as monophyletic, and yielded C5 embedded within Salix. Using only diploid species, both the SLR and autosomal datasets yielded trees with Vetrix and Salix as well-supported clades. CONCLUSION: WGR data are useful for phylogenomic analyses of willows. The different SDSs may contribute to the isolation of the two major groups, but the reproductive barrier between them needs to be studied.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The largest genus of Salicaceae sensu lato, Salix, has been shown to consist of two main clades: clade Salix, in which species have XY sex-determination systems (SDSs) on chromosome 7, and clade Vetrix including species with ZW SDSs on chromosome 15. Here, we test the utility of whole genome re-sequencing (WGR) for phylogenomic reconstructions of willows to infer changes between different SDSs. METHODS: We used more than 1 TB of WGR data from 70 Salix taxa to ascertain single nucleotide polymorphisms on the autosomes, the sex-linked regions (SLRs) and the chloroplast genomes, for phylogenetic and species tree analyses. To avoid bias, we chose reference genomes from both groups, Salix dunnii from clade Salix and S. purpurea from clade Vetrix. KEY RESULTS: Two main largely congruent groups were recovered: the paraphyletic Salix grade and the Vetrix clade. The autosome dataset trees resolved four subclades (C1-C4) in Vetrix. C1 and C2 comprise species from the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas and from Eurasia, respectively. Section Longifoliae (C3) grouped within the Vetrix clade but fell into the Salix clade in trees based on the chloroplast dataset analysis. Salix triandra from Eurasia (C4) was revealed as sister to the remaining species of clade Vetrix. In Salix, the polyploid group C5 is paraphyletic to clade Vetrix and subclade C6 is consistent with Argus's subgenus Protitea. Chloroplast datasets separated both Vetrix and Salix as monophyletic, and yielded C5 embedded within Salix. Using only diploid species, both the SLR and autosomal datasets yielded trees with Vetrix and Salix as well-supported clades. CONCLUSION: WGR data are useful for phylogenomic analyses of willows. The different SDSs may contribute to the isolation of the two major groups, but the reproductive barrier between them needs to be studied.
Authors: Marcos Morey; Ana Fernández-Marmiesse; Daisy Castiñeiras; José M Fraga; María L Couce; José A Cocho Journal: Mol Genet Metab Date: 2013-05-11 Impact factor: 4.797
Authors: Aurélien Lauron-Moreau; Frédéric E Pitre; George W Argus; Michel Labrecque; Luc Brouillet Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-04-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Bui Quang Minh; Heiko A Schmidt; Olga Chernomor; Dominik Schrempf; Michael D Woodhams; Arndt von Haeseler; Robert Lanfear Journal: Mol Biol Evol Date: 2020-05-01 Impact factor: 16.240
Authors: Matthias Stöck; Dmitrij Dedukh; Radka Reifová; Dunja K Lamatsch; Zuzana Starostová; Karel Janko Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 2021-07-26 Impact factor: 6.237