Hilary J Bethancourt1,2, Kelsey A Schmidt3,4, Gail Cromer3, Maggie S Burhans3,5, Jessica N Kuzma3, Derek K Hagman3, Imashi Fernando3,4, Merideth Murray3,4, Kristina M Utzschneider6,7, Sarah Holte3, Ross L Prentice3, Jana Kraft8,9, Mario Kratz3,4,5,7. 1. Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. 2. Institute for Research Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. 3. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, WA, USA. 4. Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 5. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 6. VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA. 7. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 8. Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. 9. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plasma phospholipid pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-C16:1n-7) are correlates of dairy fat intake. However, their relative concentrations may be influenced by other endogenous factors, such as liver fat content, and their validity as biomarkers of dairy fat intake has yet to be established. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether liver fat content modifies relations between concentrations of C15:0, C17:0, and trans-C16:1n-7 (alone and in combination with iso-C17:0) and known dairy fat intake in the context of a randomized controlled intervention study. We further examined the proportion of dairy fat intake explained by these fatty acids on their own and when considering liver fat content. METHODS: We used data from a 12-wk intervention trial in which participants (n = 62) consumed diets limited in dairy (0.3 g/d of dairy fat), rich in low-fat dairy (8.7 g/d of dairy fat), or rich in full-fat dairy (28.5 g/d of dairy fat). We used linear regression models to examine relations between relative fatty acid concentrations and grams per day of dairy fat intake, liver fat percentage, and their interaction. RESULTS: Only trans-C16:1n-7 in isolation (β: 0.0004 ± 0.0002, P = 0.03) and combined with iso-C17:0 (β: 0.002 ± 0.0005, P < 0.0001) were consistently positively associated with dairy fat intake regardless of liver fat content. Trans-C16:1n-7 combined with iso-C17:0 also explained the greatest proportion of variation (35.4%) in dairy fat intake. C15:0 and C17:0 were not associated with dairy fat intake after adjusting for liver fat and were predicted to be higher in relation to increased dairy fat intake only among individuals with elevated liver fat. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for liver fat to affect relative plasma phospholipid concentrations of C15:0 and C17:0 raises questions about their validity as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Of the fatty acid measures tested, trans-C16:1n-7 combined with iso-C17:0, especially with adjustment of liver fat, age, and sex, may provide the most robust estimate of dairy fat consumption.
BACKGROUND: Plasma phospholipid pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-C16:1n-7) are correlates of dairy fat intake. However, their relative concentrations may be influenced by other endogenous factors, such as liver fat content, and their validity as biomarkers of dairy fat intake has yet to be established. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether liver fat content modifies relations between concentrations of C15:0, C17:0, and trans-C16:1n-7 (alone and in combination with iso-C17:0) and known dairy fat intake in the context of a randomized controlled intervention study. We further examined the proportion of dairy fat intake explained by these fatty acids on their own and when considering liver fat content. METHODS: We used data from a 12-wk intervention trial in which participants (n = 62) consumed diets limited in dairy (0.3 g/d of dairy fat), rich in low-fat dairy (8.7 g/d of dairy fat), or rich in full-fat dairy (28.5 g/d of dairy fat). We used linear regression models to examine relations between relative fatty acid concentrations and grams per day of dairy fat intake, liver fat percentage, and their interaction. RESULTS: Only trans-C16:1n-7 in isolation (β: 0.0004 ± 0.0002, P = 0.03) and combined with iso-C17:0 (β: 0.002 ± 0.0005, P < 0.0001) were consistently positively associated with dairy fat intake regardless of liver fat content. Trans-C16:1n-7 combined with iso-C17:0 also explained the greatest proportion of variation (35.4%) in dairy fat intake. C15:0 and C17:0 were not associated with dairy fat intake after adjusting for liver fat and were predicted to be higher in relation to increased dairy fat intake only among individuals with elevated liver fat. CONCLUSIONS: The potential for liver fat to affect relative plasma phospholipid concentrations of C15:0 and C17:0 raises questions about their validity as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Of the fatty acid measures tested, trans-C16:1n-7 combined with iso-C17:0, especially with adjustment of liver fat, age, and sex, may provide the most robust estimate of dairy fat consumption.
Authors: Ilse G Pranger; Eva Corpeleijn; Frits A J Muskiet; Ido P Kema; Cécile Singh-Povel; Stephan J L Bakker Journal: Biomarkers Date: 2019-03-14 Impact factor: 2.658
Authors: Daniel Kusche; Katrin Kuhnt; Karin Ruebesam; Carsten Rohrer; Andreas F M Nierop; Gerhard Jahreis; Ton Baars Journal: J Sci Food Agric Date: 2014-07-23 Impact factor: 3.638
Authors: Mohammad Y Yakoob; Peilin Shi; Walter C Willett; Kathryn M Rexrode; Hannia Campos; E John Orav; Frank B Hu; Dariush Mozaffarian Journal: Circulation Date: 2016-03-22 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Ilse G Pranger; Monica L Joustra; Eva Corpeleijn; Frits A J Muskiet; Ido P Kema; Stefanie J W H Oude Elferink; Cecile Singh-Povel; Stephan J L Bakker Journal: Nutr Rev Date: 2019-01-01 Impact factor: 7.110
Authors: Coby Eelderink; Susan Rietsema; Iris M Y van Vliet; Larissa C Loef; Theo Boer; Martijn Koehorst; Ilja M Nolte; Ralf Westerhuis; Cécile M Singh-Povel; Jan M W Geurts; Eva Corpeleijn; Stephan J L Bakker Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-06-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Maggie S Burhans; Niranjan Balu; Kelsey A Schmidt; Gail Cromer; Kristina M Utzschneider; Ellen A Schur; Sarah E Holte; Timothy W Randolph; Mario Kratz Journal: Curr Dev Nutr Date: 2020-12-18
Authors: L O Dragsted; Q Gao; A Scalbert; G Vergères; M Kolehmainen; C Manach; L Brennan; L A Afman; D S Wishart; C Andres Lacueva; M Garcia-Aloy; H Verhagen; E J M Feskens; G Praticò Journal: Genes Nutr Date: 2018-05-30 Impact factor: 5.523