Mohamed G Hassan1, Christopher Chen2, Hanan A Ismail3, Abbas R Zaher3, Timothy C Cox4, Alice F Goodwin5, Andrew H Jheon6. 1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Program of Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. Electronic address: hmohamed@wustl.edu. 2. Program of Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. 3. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. 4. Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, Mo. 5. Program of Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Division of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. 6. Program of Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Division of Orthodontics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The effects on offspring craniofacial bone morphology and accretion because of altered maternal exposure to dietary components such as calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in offspring skull morphology and tissue mineral density (TMD), including sex-specific changes, with exposure to a maternal diet high in Ca-to-P levels during gestation and lactation in mice. METHODS: Time-mated FVB wild-type mice were fed a normal or experimental diet during gestation until weaning. The experimental diet contained a 3-fold increase in Ca and a 3-fold decrease in P (Ca:P molar ratio, 10.5) compared with normal mouse chow (Ca:P molar ratio, 1.5). The heads of 6-week-old control and experimental offspring mice were collected and scanned using microcomputed tomography. Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis was performed to analyze changes in craniofacial morphology. TMD measurements were also analyzed. RESULTS: We observed subtle changes and no significant differences between offspring control and experimental skulls when we compared all samples. However, when we separated skulls by sex, we discovered significant differences in craniofacial morphology and TMD. Experimental female offspring possessed skulls that were smaller, narrower transversely, taller vertically, and decreased in TMD. Experimental male offspring possessed skulls that were larger, wider transversely, shorter vertically, and increased in TMD. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure to diet and increased Ca:P molar ratio during gestation and lactation led to significant, sex-specific morphologic and TMD changes in 6-week-old mouse skulls.
INTRODUCTION: The effects on offspring craniofacial bone morphology and accretion because of altered maternal exposure to dietary components such as calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in offspring skull morphology and tissue mineral density (TMD), including sex-specific changes, with exposure to a maternal diet high in Ca-to-P levels during gestation and lactation in mice. METHODS: Time-mated FVB wild-type mice were fed a normal or experimental diet during gestation until weaning. The experimental diet contained a 3-fold increase in Ca and a 3-fold decrease in P (Ca:P molar ratio, 10.5) compared with normal mouse chow (Ca:P molar ratio, 1.5). The heads of 6-week-old control and experimental offspring mice were collected and scanned using microcomputed tomography. Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis was performed to analyze changes in craniofacial morphology. TMD measurements were also analyzed. RESULTS: We observed subtle changes and no significant differences between offspring control and experimental skulls when we compared all samples. However, when we separated skulls by sex, we discovered significant differences in craniofacial morphology and TMD. Experimental female offspring possessed skulls that were smaller, narrower transversely, taller vertically, and decreased in TMD. Experimental male offspring possessed skulls that were larger, wider transversely, shorter vertically, and increased in TMD. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure to diet and increased Ca:P molar ratio during gestation and lactation led to significant, sex-specific morphologic and TMD changes in 6-week-old mouse skulls.
Authors: Dominique Roberfroid; Lieven Huybregts; Hermann Lanou; Marie-Claire Henry; Nicolas Meda; Patrick Kolsteren F Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2010-04-07 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Mohamed G Hassan; Ricardo Vargas; Abbas R Zaher; Hanan A Ismail; Clare Lee; Timothy C Cox; Andrew H Jheon Journal: Orthod Craniofac Res Date: 2019-05 Impact factor: 1.826
Authors: Elmar W Tobi; L H Lumey; Rudolf P Talens; Dennis Kremer; Hein Putter; Aryeh D Stein; P Eline Slagboom; Bastiaan T Heijmans Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2009-08-04 Impact factor: 6.150