Emily L Dennis1,2, Brian A Taylor3, Mary R Newsome4,5, Maya Troyanskaya4,5, Tracy J Abildskov1, Aaron M Betts6,7, Erin D Bigler1,8,9, James Cole10,11, Nicholas Davenport12,13, Timothy Duncan14, Jessica Gill15,16, Vivian Guedes15, Sidney R Hinds17, Elizabeth S Hovenden1, Kimbra Kenney17,18, Mary Jo Pugh19,20, Randall S Scheibel4,5, Pashtun-Poh Shahim1,2, Robert Shih7, William C Walker21,22, J Kent Werner17, Gerald E York23, David X Cifu24, David F Tate1,2, Elisabeth A Wilde1,2,5. 1. Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA. 2. George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA. 3. Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA. 4. Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, USA. 5. H. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA. 6. Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA. 7. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA. 8. Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA. 9. Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA. 10. Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. 11. Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK. 12. Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA. 13. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA. 14. VA Portland Healthcare Center, Portland, USA. 15. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, USA. 16. Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), UniFormed Services University, Bethesda, USA. 17. Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA. 18. National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, USA. 19. Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA. 20. Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, USA. 21. Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, USA. 22. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA. 23. Alaska Radiology Associates, Anchorage, USA. 24. Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine if history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is associated with advanced or accelerated brain aging among the United States (US) military Service Members and Veterans. METHODS: Eight hundred and twenty-two participants (mean age = 40.4 years, 714 male/108 female) underwent MRI sessions at eight sites across the US. Two hundred and one participants completed a follow-up scan between five months and four years later. Predicted brain ages were calculated using T1-weighted MRIs and then compared with chronological ages to generate an Age Deviation Score for cross-sectional analyses and an Interval Deviation Score for longitudinal analyses. Participants also completed a neuropsychological battery, including measures of both cognitive functioning and psychological health. RESULT: In cross-sectional analyses, males with a history of deployment-related mTBI showed advanced brain age compared to those without (t(884) = 2.1, p = .038), while this association was not significant in females. In follow-up analyses of the male participants, severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression symptoms, and alcohol misuse were also associated with advanced brain age. CONCLUSION: History of deployment-related mTBI, severity of PTSD and depression symptoms, and alcohol misuse are associated with advanced brain aging in male US military Service Members and Veterans.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is associated with advanced or accelerated brain aging among the United States (US) military Service Members and Veterans. METHODS: Eight hundred and twenty-two participants (mean age = 40.4 years, 714 male/108 female) underwent MRI sessions at eight sites across the US. Two hundred and one participants completed a follow-up scan between five months and four years later. Predicted brain ages were calculated using T1-weighted MRIs and then compared with chronological ages to generate an Age Deviation Score for cross-sectional analyses and an Interval Deviation Score for longitudinal analyses. Participants also completed a neuropsychological battery, including measures of both cognitive functioning and psychological health. RESULT: In cross-sectional analyses, males with a history of deployment-related mTBI showed advanced brain age compared to those without (t(884) = 2.1, p = .038), while this association was not significant in females. In follow-up analyses of the male participants, severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression symptoms, and alcohol misuse were also associated with advanced brain age. CONCLUSION: History of deployment-related mTBI, severity of PTSD and depression symptoms, and alcohol misuse are associated with advanced brain aging in male US military Service Members and Veterans.
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