Long-term results by epidural spinal electrical stimulation (ESES) in patients with inoperable severe lower limb ischaemia.

Arterial reconstruction is the treatment of choice for patients with severe lower limb ischaemia, but may at times be technically impossible. Thirty-two consecutive patients with impending (n = 24) or already established (n = 8) distal arteriosclerotic or diabetic lower limb gangrene, in whom vascular surgery was either technically impossible or had failed, were treated with epidural spinal electrical stimulation (ESES) for 27 +/- 16 (S.D.) months. All patients had severe rest pain, which was reduced by ESES in 91% of the cases. Improved ulcer healing was noted in 58% of the patients who had skin ulceration. Eighty-three percent of those patients who did not have established gangrene when ESES was started, retained their leg after 1 year, and 54% after 3 years. These results suggest that ESES often provides pain relief and improves skin healing in patients with impending arteriosclerotic or diabetic gangrene in whom vascular surgery is impossible or has failed. Epidural spinal electrical stimulation (ESES) does not affect the progression of established gangrene but may provide pain relief. The observed outcome of severe limb ischaemia in this study could be used to compare with those after arterial reconstruction performed in patients with poor run-off vessels, and may allow us to examine the natural history of this disease when adequate pain relief is provided. The results reported here and the previously reported enhancement of cutaneous blood flow in severely ischaemic extremities by ESES may suggest, that ESES enhances limb salvage by improving skin blood flow.