A dual-signal sensing strategy based on ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetry for determination of Cu2+ and glyphosate.

Herein, a dual-signal sensing strategy based on ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetry for Cu2+ and glyphosate determination was constructed. Fluorescence silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) were prepared by hydrothermal reaction, which has maximum fluorescence intensity under the excitation of 355 nm. o-Phenylenediamine (OPD) was oxidized through Cu2+ to generate 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD). The obtained oxOPD showed a strong absorption peak at 417 nm and quenched the fluorescence of SiNPs at 446 nm due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Meanwhile, oxOPD produced a new fluorescence emission at 556 nm forming a ratiometric state. With increasing Cu2+, the original solution changed from colorless to yellow. When glyphosate was present, the interaction between Cu2+ and the functional groups of glyphosate could reduce the oxidation of oxOPD, resulting in the enhancement of fluorescence at 446 nm and the decrease of fluorescence at 556 nm. Furthermore, the addition of glyphosate changed yellow solution to colorless. Under the optimal conditions of OPD (1 mM), 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), and incubation time (4 h), the ratiometric fluorescence sensor had good selectivity and showed a wide linear range of 0.025-20 μM with the LOD of 0.008 μM for Cu2+ and 0.15-1.5 μg/mL with the LOD of 0.003 μg/mL for glyphosate, respectively. Besides, it is worth mentioning that this developed sensing system showed good performance in real samples, providing a simple and reliable dual-signal detection strategy.