Daisy Duan1, Scott J Pilla2,3, Kathy Michalski2, Blandine Laferrère4, Jeanne M Clark2,3, Nisa M Maruthur2,3. 1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 2. Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 3. Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 4. New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether breakfast consumption frequency (BCF) is associated with weight-loss outcomes in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. METHODS: Data from a subset of participants (n = 3,915) from Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to diabetes support and education (DSE) in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, were analyzed. BCF was collected by yearly questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between average BCF and percentage weight change over 4 years, controlling for baseline sociodemographic, anthropometric, and diabetes-related variables. In separate models, adjustment for diet (n = 915) and physical activity level (n = 837) was performed in a subset of participants. RESULTS: Four-year average BCF was similar in DSE (n = 1,916) and ILI (n = 1,999) arms (p = 0.14). Each 1-day higher average BCF was associated with an additional 0.5% weight loss in the ILI arm (p < 0.0001) but not in the DSE arm (p = 0.58). This association in the ILI arm remained significant after adjustment for diet (p = 0.02) but not after adjustment for physical activity (p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Breakfast consumption was associated with greater weight loss in the active treatment group of an ILI, which may be mediated by increased physical activity.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether breakfast consumption frequency (BCF) is associated with weight-loss outcomes in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. METHODS: Data from a subset of participants (n = 3,915) from Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to diabetes support and education (DSE) in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, were analyzed. BCF was collected by yearly questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between average BCF and percentage weight change over 4 years, controlling for baseline sociodemographic, anthropometric, and diabetes-related variables. In separate models, adjustment for diet (n = 915) and physical activity level (n = 837) was performed in a subset of participants. RESULTS: Four-year average BCF was similar in DSE (n = 1,916) and ILI (n = 1,999) arms (p = 0.14). Each 1-day higher average BCF was associated with an additional 0.5% weight loss in the ILI arm (p < 0.0001) but not in the DSE arm (p = 0.58). This association in the ILI arm remained significant after adjustment for diet (p = 0.02) but not after adjustment for physical activity (p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Breakfast consumption was associated with greater weight loss in the active treatment group of an ILI, which may be mediated by increased physical activity.
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