Tiago Rodrigues de Lima1, Priscila Custódio Martins2, Yara Maria Franco Moreno3, Jean-Philippe Chaput4, Mark Stephen Tremblay4, Xuemei Sui5, Diego Augusto Santos Silva2. 1. Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil. tiagopersonaltrainer@gmail.com. 2. Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil. 3. Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. 4. Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. 5. Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The importance of muscular fitness (MF) in the performance of activities of daily living is unequivocal. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown MF can reduce cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine and summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between MF phenotypes (i.e., maximum muscular strength/power, muscular endurance, and maximum muscular strength/power/endurance) and cardiometabolic variables (obesity, blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory markers, and clustered cardiometabolic variables) in children and adolescents. DESIGN: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020179273. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was performed on five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) from database inception to May 2020, with complementary searches in reference lists. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of youth aged ≤ 19 years, (2) an assessment of MF with individual or clustered cardiometabolic variables derived from adjusted models (regardless of test/measurement adopted or direction of reported association), and (3) a report of the association between both, using observational studies. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages were considered. The quality of the included studies was assessed by using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist. The percentage of results reporting a statistically significant inverse association between each MF phenotype and cardiometabolic variables was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 23,686 articles initially identified, 96 were included (77 cross-sectional and 19 longitudinal), with data from children and adolescents from 35 countries. The score for the quality of evidence ranged from 0.33 to 0.92 (1.00 maximum). MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power was inversely associated with lower obesity (64/113 total results (56.6%)) and reduction in clustered cardiometabolic risk (28/48 total results (58.3%)). When assessed by muscular endurance, an inverse association with obesity (30/44 total results (68.1%)) and cardiometabolic risk (5/8 total results (62.5%)) was identified. Most of the results for the relationship between MF phenotypes with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers indicated a paucity of evidence for these interrelationships (percentage of results below 50.0%). CONCLUSION: MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power or muscular endurance is potentially associated with lower obesity and lower risk related to clustered cardiometabolic variables in children and adolescents. There is limited support for an inverse association between MF with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis biomarkers, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.
BACKGROUND: The importance of muscular fitness (MF) in the performance of activities of daily living is unequivocal. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown MF can reduce cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine and summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between MF phenotypes (i.e., maximum muscular strength/power, muscular endurance, and maximum muscular strength/power/endurance) and cardiometabolic variables (obesity, blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory markers, and clustered cardiometabolic variables) in children and adolescents. DESIGN: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020179273. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was performed on five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) from database inception to May 2020, with complementary searches in reference lists. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of youth aged ≤ 19 years, (2) an assessment of MF with individual or clustered cardiometabolic variables derived from adjusted models (regardless of test/measurement adopted or direction of reported association), and (3) a report of the association between both, using observational studies. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages were considered. The quality of the included studies was assessed by using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist. The percentage of results reporting a statistically significant inverse association between each MF phenotype and cardiometabolic variables was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 23,686 articles initially identified, 96 were included (77 cross-sectional and 19 longitudinal), with data from children and adolescents from 35 countries. The score for the quality of evidence ranged from 0.33 to 0.92 (1.00 maximum). MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power was inversely associated with lower obesity (64/113 total results (56.6%)) and reduction in clustered cardiometabolic risk (28/48 total results (58.3%)). When assessed by muscular endurance, an inverse association with obesity (30/44 total results (68.1%)) and cardiometabolic risk (5/8 total results (62.5%)) was identified. Most of the results for the relationship between MF phenotypes with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers indicated a paucity of evidence for these interrelationships (percentage of results below 50.0%). CONCLUSION: MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power or muscular endurance is potentially associated with lower obesity and lower risk related to clustered cardiometabolic variables in children and adolescents. There is limited support for an inverse association between MF with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis biomarkers, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.
Authors: Denise L Demmer; Lawrence J Beilin; Beth Hands; Sally Burrows; Kay L Cox; Leon M Straker; Trevor A Mori Journal: J Hypertens Date: 2016-12 Impact factor: 4.844
Authors: Jakob Tarp; Anna Bugge; Niels Christian Møller; Heidi Klakk; Christina Trifonov Rexen; Anders Grøntved; Niels Wedderkopp Journal: J Phys Act Health Date: 2019-01-11
Authors: Jordan J Smith; Narelle Eather; Philip J Morgan; Ronald C Plotnikoff; Avery D Faigenbaum; David R Lubans Journal: Sports Med Date: 2014-09 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Lawrence A Leiter; David H Fitchett; Richard E Gilbert; Milan Gupta; G B John Mancini; Philip A McFarlane; Robert Ross; Hwee Teoh; Subodh Verma; Sonia Anand; Kathryn Camelon; Chi-Ming Chow; Jafna L Cox; Jean-Pierre Després; Jacques Genest; Stewart B Harris; David C W Lau; Richard Lewanczuk; Peter P Liu; Eva M Lonn; Ruth McPherson; Paul Poirier; Shafiq Qaadri; Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret; Simon W Rabkin; Arya M Sharma; Andrew W Steele; James A Stone; Jean-Claude Tardif; Sheldon Tobe; Ehud Ur Journal: Can J Cardiol Date: 2011 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 5.223
Authors: Anders Grøntved; Mathias Ried-Larsen; Niels Christian Møller; Peter Lund Kristensen; Karsten Froberg; Søren Brage; Lars Bo Andersen Journal: Br J Sports Med Date: 2013-03-23 Impact factor: 13.800
Authors: Brooklyn J Fraser; Quan L Huynh; Michael D Schmidt; Terence Dwyer; Alison J Venn; Costan G Magnussen Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2016-09 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Justin J Lang; Kai Zhang; César Agostinis-Sobrinho; Lars Bo Andersen; Laura Basterfield; Daniel Berglind; Dylan O Blain; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Christine Cameron; Valerie Carson; Rachel C Colley; Tamás Csányi; Avery D Faigenbaum; Antonio García-Hermoso; Thayse Natacha Q F Gomes; Aidan Gribbon; Ian Janssen; Gregor Jurak; Mónika Kaj; Tetsuhiro Kidokoro; Kirstin N Lane; Yang Liu; Marie Löf; David R Lubans; Costan G Magnussen; Taru Manyanga; Ryan McGrath; Jorge Mota; Tim Olds; Vincent O Onywera; Francisco B Ortega; Adewale L Oyeyemi; Stephanie A Prince; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; Karen C Roberts; Lukáš Rubín; Jennifer Servais; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Danilo R Silva; Jordan J Smith; Yi Song; Gareth Stratton; Brian W Timmons; Grant R Tomkinson; Mark S Tremblay; Stephen H S Wong; Brooklyn J Fraser Journal: Sports Med Date: 2022-08-24 Impact factor: 11.928
Authors: Samuel Gonçalves Almeida da Encarnação; Pedro Flores; David Magalhães; Gil Afonso; Albino Pereira; Rui Brito Fonseca; Joana Ribeiro; Sandra Silva-Santos; José Eduardo Teixeira; António Miguel Monteiro; Ricardo Ferraz; Luís Branquinho; Pedro Forte Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-07 Impact factor: 4.614