José Castro-Piñero1, Alejandro Perez-Bey2, Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia2, Verónica Cabanas-Sanchez3, Sonia Gómez-Martínez4, Oscar L Veiga3, Ascensión Marcos4, Jonatan R Ruiz5. 1. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain. Electronic address: jose.castro@uca.es. 2. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain. 3. Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4. Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (SCIC), Madrid, Spain. 5. PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To study the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) association between muscle fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in youth; whether there are muscle fitness cut points associated with CVD risk (cross-sectional); and whether the health-related muscle fitness cut points identified at baseline are associated with CVD risk 2 years later. STUDY DESIGN: In total, 237 children (110 girls) aged 6-10 years and 274 adolescents (131 girls) aged 12-16 years with complete data were included in the study (10.3% drop out). The handgrip strength and the standing long jump tests were used to assess muscle fitness. CVD risk score was computed with sum of 2 skinfolds, systolic blood pressure, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS: Muscle fitness at baseline was associated inversely with single CVD risk factors and CVD risk score at baseline and 2-year follow-up (all P < .05). Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses showed a significant discriminating accuracy of handgrip strength in identifying CVD risk in children and adolescents (boys: ≥ 0.367 and ≥0.473; girls: ≥ 0.306 and ≥0.423 kg/kg body mass, respectively, all P < .001). Similarly, the standing long jump cut points for children and adolescents were ≥104.5 and ≥140.5 in boys, and ≥81.5 and ≥120.5 cm in girls, respectively (all P < .05). These cut points were associated with CVD risk 2 years later (all P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Muscle fitness is associated with present and future cardiovascular health in youth, and is independent of cardiorespiratory fitness. It should be monitored to identify youth at risk who could benefit from intervention programs.
OBJECTIVES: To study the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) association between muscle fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in youth; whether there are muscle fitness cut points associated with CVD risk (cross-sectional); and whether the health-related muscle fitness cut points identified at baseline are associated with CVD risk 2 years later. STUDY DESIGN: In total, 237 children (110 girls) aged 6-10 years and 274 adolescents (131 girls) aged 12-16 years with complete data were included in the study (10.3% drop out). The handgrip strength and the standing long jump tests were used to assess muscle fitness. CVD risk score was computed with sum of 2 skinfolds, systolic blood pressure, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS:Muscle fitness at baseline was associated inversely with single CVD risk factors and CVD risk score at baseline and 2-year follow-up (all P < .05). Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses showed a significant discriminating accuracy of handgrip strength in identifying CVD risk in children and adolescents (boys: ≥ 0.367 and ≥0.473; girls: ≥ 0.306 and ≥0.423 kg/kg body mass, respectively, all P < .001). Similarly, the standing long jump cut points for children and adolescents were ≥104.5 and ≥140.5 in boys, and ≥81.5 and ≥120.5 cm in girls, respectively (all P < .05). These cut points were associated with CVD risk 2 years later (all P < .01). CONCLUSIONS:Muscle fitness is associated with present and future cardiovascular health in youth, and is independent of cardiorespiratory fitness. It should be monitored to identify youth at risk who could benefit from intervention programs.
Authors: Grant R Tomkinson; Tori Kaster; Faith L Dooley; John S Fitzgerald; Madison Annandale; Katia Ferrar; Justin J Lang; Jordan J Smith Journal: Sports Med Date: 2021-03 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Tiago Rodrigues de Lima; Priscila Custódio Martins; Yara Maria Franco Moreno; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Mark Stephen Tremblay; Xuemei Sui; Diego Augusto Santos Silva Journal: Sports Med Date: 2022-01-12 Impact factor: 11.928
Authors: María Rúa-Alonso; Jessica Rial-Vázquez; Iván Nine; Jose Ramón Lete-Lasa; Iván Clavel; Manuel A Giráldez-García; Miguel Rodríguez-Corral; Xurxo Dopico-Calvo; Eliseo Iglesias-Soler Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-03-26 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Robyn E Partin; Matthew D Wogksch; Rikeenkumar Dhaduk; Jason M Ashford; Daniel J Indelicato; Heather M Conklin; Thomas E Merchant; Kirsten K Ness Journal: J Neurooncol Date: 2022-08-20 Impact factor: 4.506