| Literature DB >> 35004471 |
Jin Suk Ra, Yeon-Hee Jeong, Soon Ok Kim.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify factors-both infant-related and maternal-associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants.Entities:
Keywords: Bottle feeding; Feeding behavior; Infant; Mothers; Weight gain
Year: 2020 PMID: 35004471 PMCID: PMC8650939 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.2.277
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Maternal Application of Pressure to Eat as a Feeding Practice and Infant-related and Maternal Factor (N=163)
| Variables | Categories | n (%) | M±SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome variable | Pressure to eat applied as a feeding practices | 3.21±0.63 | 1~5 | ||
| Independent variables (Infants' factors) | Sex | Boys | 76 (46.6) | ||
| Girls | 87 (53.4) | ||||
| Gestational age (week) | 38.7±1.5 | 33~42 | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 3,260.6±366.8 | 2,920~4,300 | |||
| Adiposity (weight for length percentile) | Under weight | 21 (12.9) | 54.12±33.13 | 0~100 | |
| Normal weight | 109 (66.9) | ||||
| Over weight | 33 (20.2) | ||||
| Temperament | 108.33±13.84 | 18~162 | |||
| Independent variables (maternal factors) | Age (year) | 33.3±3.6 | 20~41 | ||
| Education level | High school | 12 (7.4) | |||
| Junior college | 139 (85.2) | ||||
| University or higher | 12 (7.4) | ||||
| Socioeconomic status of family | High | 8 (4.9) | |||
| Middle | 139 (85.3) | ||||
| Low | 16 (9.8) | ||||
| Employment status | Unemployed | 118 (72.4) | |||
| Employed | 45 (27.6) | ||||
| Part-time | 8 (4.9) | ||||
| Full-time | 37 (22.7) | ||||
| Adiposity (body mass index) | Under weight | 18 (11.0) | 21.44±3.24 | 16.51~34.12 | |
| Normal weight | 108 (66.3) | ||||
| Over weight | 20 (12.3) | ||||
| Obesity | 17 (10.4) | ||||
| Concern about infant being underweight | 2.41±0.72 | 1~5 | |||
| Awareness of hunger and satiety cues from the infant | 4.12±0.53 | 1~5 | |||
| Feeding style according to infant's hunger and satiety cues | Responsive | 34 (20.9) | |||
| Mix of non-responsive and responsive | 111 (68.1) | ||||
| Non-responsive | 18 (11.0) | ||||
Factors Associated with Pressure to Eat as a Feeding Practice among Mothers with Infants (N=163)
| Variables | Categories | Model I | Model II | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t |
| β | t |
| |||
| (Constant) | 2.91 | 3.80 | ||||||
| Infants' factors | Sex[ | Boys | -.02 | 0.26 | .793 | -.08 | 0.97 | .334 |
| Gestational age (week) | .01 | 0.13 | .898 | -.01 | 0.12 | .907 | ||
| Birth weight (g) | .04 | 0.48 | .635 | .09 | 1.05 | .297 | ||
| Adiposity (weight for length percentile) | -.07 | 0.89 | .377 | |||||
| Temperament | -.18 | 2.22 | .028 | -.17 | 0.72 | .035 | ||
| Maternal factors | Age (year) | .02 | 0.30 | .767 | ||||
| Education level[ | Junior college | .12 | 1.36 | .175 | ||||
| Socioeconomic status of family[ | Middle | -.07 | 0.48 | .633 | ||||
| High | .04 | 0.27 | .787 | |||||
| Employment status[ | Employed | -.09 | 1.04 | .301 | ||||
| Adiposity (body mass index) | -.16 | 1.88 | .048 | |||||
| Concern about infant being underweight | .30 | 3.48 | .001 | |||||
| Awareness of hunger and satiety cues from the infant | .07 | 0.78 | .435 | |||||
| Feeding style according to infant's hunger and satiety cuese[ | Mix of non-responsive and responsive | -.08 | 0.80 | .425 | ||||
| Non-responsive | -.13 | 1.36 | .178 | |||||
| R2 | .080 | .253 | ||||||
| Adjusted R2 | .040 | .192 | ||||||
| F ( | 1.65 (.001) | 1.95 (<.001) | ||||||
Reference group for sex (girls);
b=Reference group for education level (high school);
Reference group for socioeconomic status of family (low);
Reference group for employment (unemployed);
Reference group for feeding style according to infant's hunger and satiety cues (responsive).