| Literature DB >> 35004438 |
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate cognitive ability in preschoolers born prematurely and to investigate related factors.Entities:
Keywords: Anemia; Apgar score; Child development; Cognition; Preterm birth
Year: 2019 PMID: 35004438 PMCID: PMC8650994 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2019.25.4.468
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Characteristics of the Participants According to Timing of Data Collection (N=64)
| Data collection time | Variables | n (%) | M±SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At birth | Female sex | 32 (50.0) | |||
| Cesarean delivery | 44 (68.8) | ||||
| Gestational age (week) | 33.4±2.5 | 27.1~36.7 | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 2,069.3±517.5 | 866.0~3,220.0 | |||
| 5-minute Apgar score | 7.8±1.3 | 2.0~10.0 | |||
| Length of NICU stay (day) | 25.1±20.2 | 5.0~84.0 | |||
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | 15.9±1.7 | 12.2~20.4 | |||
| ≥College-graduated mothers | 35 (54.7) | ||||
| Toddler stage | BSID-II | MDI | 94.2±13.0 | 50.0~122.0 | |
| PDI | 92.0±15.1 | 50.0~124.0 | |||
| Preschooler stage | Corrected age (month) | 68.2±3.7 | 60.0~75.0 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 19.7±2.2 | 14.9~27.0 | |||
| Weight percentile[ | 48.3±24.2 | 2.7~97.6 | |||
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | 11.0±1.5 | 8.0~13.8 | |||
| Presence of health problems[ | 13 (20.3) | ||||
| Presence of siblings | 56 (87.5) | ||||
| Employed mother | 32 (50.0) | ||||
| Grandparental help for child | 27 (42.2) | ||||
| MPIS | 3.8±0.4 | 2.9~4.8 | |||
By the child growth standards of the World Health Organization;
Allergic disease, tonsillitis, strabismus, etc.;
NICU=Neonatal intensive care unit; BSID-II=Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II; MDI=Mental development index; PDI=Psychomotor development index; MPIS=Mother-preschool child interaction.
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II Scores in Preschoolers Born Prematurely (N=64)
| Variables | M±SD | Range | Score<85 |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | |||
| Total score (FCI) | 117.0±14.4 | 57~144 | 1 (1.6) |
| Sequential processing | 100.2±15.4 | 65~137 | 9 (14.1) |
| Simultaneous processing | 119.6±15.1 | 65~146 | 2 (3.1) |
| Learning ability | 120.3±17.0 | 61~151 | 1 (1.6) |
| Knowledge | 109.7±11.3 | 65~141 | 1 (1.6) |
FCI=Fluid-crystallized index.
Relationships of Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II Scores with Characteristics of Preschoolers Born Prematurely (N=64)
| Data collection time | Variables | Categories | n | Total score (FCI) | Sequential processing | Simultaneous processing | Learning ability | Knowledge | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | t or r ( | M±SD | t or r ( | M±SD | t or r ( | M±SD | t or r ( | M±SD | t or r ( | ||||
| At birth | Gender | Male | 32 | 115.0±11.1 | 1.11 (.278) | 97.9±12.4 | 1.18 (.245) | 119.6±13.5 | 0.02 (.987) | 117.2±15.9 | 1.49 (.143) | 108.7±7.4 | 0.72 (.476) |
| Female | 32 | 119.1±17.0 | 102.4±17.8 | 119.6±16.8 | 123.4±17.7 | 110.7±14.2 | |||||||
| Gestational age (week) | <34 | 28 | 116.7±12.8 | 0.14 (.887) | 102.3±15.9 | 0.95 (.348) | 117.7±12.8 | 0.88 (.385) | 120.8±17.1 | 0.18 (.858) | 109.4±9.4 | 0.22 (.831) | |
| ≥34 | 36 | 117.2±15.7 | 98.6±14.9 | 121.1±16.7 | 120.1±17.3 | 110.1±12.7 | |||||||
| Delivery type | Vaginal | 20 | 115.8±19.1 | 0.47 (.644) | 102.1±18.8 | 0.67 (.507) | 120.3±18.5 | 0.23 (.817) | 114.4±21.2 | 1.92 (.060) | 108.2±13.9 | 0.74 (.462) | |
| Cesarean | 44 | 117.6±12.0 | 99.3±13.7 | 119.3±13.5 | 123.0±14.2 | 110.4±10.1 | |||||||
| 5-minute Apgar score | <7 | 8 | 103.5±22.7 | 1.88 (.099) | 87.0±20.6 | 2.72 (.008) | 108.9±21.8 | 2.21 (.031) | 110.0±24.4 | 1.87 (.066) | 100.4±15.4 | 2.61 (.011) | |
| ≥7 | 56 | 118.9±11.9 | 102.1±13.7 | 121.1±13.5 | 121.8±15.4 | 111.0±10.1 | |||||||
| Length of NICU stay (day) | -.04 (.728) | .08 (.508) | -.21 (.089) | .01 (.949) | .12 (.334) | ||||||||
| Maternal educational level | High school | 29 | 114.6±15.4 | 1.21 (.232) | 96.0±16.1 | 2.02 (.048) | 118.6±17.0 | 0.47 (.643) | 120.8±18.8 | 0.19 (.850) | 106.2±11.4 | 2.36 (.021) | |
| > College | 35 | 119.1±13.4 | 103.6±14.2 | 120.4±13.5 | 119.9±15.6 | 112.6±10.5 | |||||||
| Toddler stage | BSID-II | MDI | .52 (<.001) | .46 (<.001) | .39 (.002) | .30 (.017) | .43 (<.001) | ||||||
| PDI | .29 (.019) | .13 (.313) | .29 (.020) | .25 (.048) | .16 (.220) | ||||||||
| Pre-schooler stage | Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | <11.5 | 38 | 113.6±16.9 | 2.66 (.010) | 97.5±16.1 | 1.75 (.085) | 116.0±17.0 | 2.38 (.020) | 118.5±20.1 | 1.16 (.252) | 108.1±13.2 | 1.53 (.132) |
| ≥11.5 | 26 | 121.9±7.6 | 104.1±13.5 | 124.9±10.1 | 123.0±11.2 | 112.0±7.3 | |||||||
| Presence of health problems[ | Yes | 13 | 116.3±22.2 | 0.19 (.848) | 105.4±18.2 | 1.38 (.174) | 114.4±21.3 | 1.40 (.166) | 118.9±23.8 | 0.33 (.744) | 109.2±15.5 | 0.17 (.867) | |
| No | 51 | 117.2±12.1 | 98.9±14.5 | 120.9±13.0 | 120.7±15.1 | 109.8±10.2 | |||||||
| Weight percentile[ | .00 (.998) | -.11 (.409) | .08 (.518) | .01 (.911) | -.01 (.955) | ||||||||
| Presence of siblings | Yes | 56 | 117.9±14.4 | 1.27 (.211) | 101.1±14.8 | 1.25 (.217) | 120.6±15.6 | 1.43 (.158) | 120.7±16.8 | 0.48 (.636) | 109.9±10.8 | 0.29 (.775) | |
| No | 8 | 111.0±13.8 | 93.9±18.7 | 112.5±8.2 | 117.6±19.2 | 108.6±15.1 | |||||||
| Employed mother | Yes | 32 | 117.2±11.8 | 0.10 (.918) | 101.0±13.8 | 0.42 (.676) | 118.8±11.7 | 0.43 (.671) | 121.4±16.7 | 0.53 (.600) | 110.6±10.6 | 0.63 (.532) | |
| No | 32 | 116.8±16.8 | 99.4±17.1 | 120.4±18.1 | 119.2±17.5 | 108.8±12.0 | |||||||
| Grandparental help for child | Yes | 27 | 118.7±12.8 | 0.81 (.424) | 103.2±13.5 | 1.32 (.190) | 120.6±12.2 | 0.43 (.667) | 120.4±16.6 | 0,05 (.958) | 112.0±11.2 | 1.40 (.166) | |
| No | 37 | 115.8±15.6 | 98.0±16.4 | 118.9±17.1 | 120.2±17.5 | 108.0±11.2 | |||||||
| MPIS | .30 (.015) | .24 (.055) | .18 (.155) | .22 (.077) | .42 (< .001) | ||||||||
Allergic, nutritional disease, strabismus, etc.;
By the child growth standards of the World Health Organization;
FCI=Fluid-crystallized index; NICU=Neonatal intensive care unit; BSID-II=Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II; MDI=Mental development index; PDI=Psychomotor development index; MPIS=Mother-preschool child interaction.
Predictors of Cognitive Ability in Preschoolers Born Prematurely (N=64)
| Data collection time | Variables | B | SE | β | t |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At birth | 5-minute Apgar score | 3.19 | 1.11 | .29 | 2.89 | .006 |
| Maternal educational level (≥college)[ | 1.92 | 3.13 | .07 | 0.61 | .542 | |
| Toddler stage | MDI | 0.56 | 0.13 | .51 | 4.20 | <.001 |
| PDI | 0.02 | 0.12 | .02 | 0.21 | .846 | |
| Preschooler stage | Hemoglobin level (mg/dL) | 2.01 | 0.92 | .22 | 2.21 | .032 |
| MPIS | 4.81 | 3.66 | .14 | 1.32 | .194 | |
| R2=.458, Adj. R2=.400, F=8.01, | ||||||
Dummy variables;
MDI=Mental development index; PDI=Psychomotor development index; MPIS=Mother-preschool child interaction.