Yvette Alania1, Mostafa Yourdkhani2, Livia Trevelin3, Odair Bim-Junior1, Heer Majithia4, Ladan Farsi4, Ana K Bedran-Russo5. 1. Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. 2. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Walter Scott Jr. College of Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. 3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. 4. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. 5. Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: ana.bedran-russo@marquette.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term effect on the stability of dentin-resin interfaces after the addition of polylactide (PLA) capsules containing proanthocyanidin (PAC) to adhesive resin. METHODS: Sub-micron (SM) and micron (M) size capsules containing PACs were produced using a combination of emulsification and solvent evaporation techniques and characterized. Human dentin surfaces (n = 8) were etched (35% glycolic acid) and primed (15% enriched Vitis vinifera extract solution - VVe), followed by the application of an experimental adhesive containing 0 (control), 1.5 wt% of SM or M PAC-filled PLA capsules light cured for 40 s. A crown was built using commercial composite. After 24 h-immersion (37 °C) in simulated body fluid, specimens were serially sectioned into resin-dentin beams. Microtensile bond strength (TBS), micro-permeability and fracture pattern were assessed immediately and after 1 and 2 years. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Polydisperse capsules were manufactured with average diameter of 0.36 µm and 1.08 µm for SM and M, respectively. The addition of capsules did not affect TBS (p = 0.889). After 2 years, TBS significantly decreased in SM (p = 0.006), whereas M showed similar initial values (p = 0.291). Overall, less micro-permeability was found in M than the control and SM group (p < 0.001). After 2 years, fractured surfaces from capsule-containing groups failed within the adhesive layer while control fractured at the bottom of the hybrid layer. SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of PAC-filled PLA microcapsules in a dental adhesive did not affect the bond strength while increased and sustained the protection against micro-permeability in the interface, likely due to release of PACs.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term effect on the stability of dentin-resin interfaces after the addition of polylactide (PLA) capsules containing proanthocyanidin (PAC) to adhesive resin. METHODS: Sub-micron (SM) and micron (M) size capsules containing PACs were produced using a combination of emulsification and solvent evaporation techniques and characterized. Human dentin surfaces (n = 8) were etched (35% glycolic acid) and primed (15% enriched Vitis vinifera extract solution - VVe), followed by the application of an experimental adhesive containing 0 (control), 1.5 wt% of SM or M PAC-filled PLA capsules light cured for 40 s. A crown was built using commercial composite. After 24 h-immersion (37 °C) in simulated body fluid, specimens were serially sectioned into resin-dentin beams. Microtensile bond strength (TBS), micro-permeability and fracture pattern were assessed immediately and after 1 and 2 years. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Polydisperse capsules were manufactured with average diameter of 0.36 µm and 1.08 µm for SM and M, respectively. The addition of capsules did not affect TBS (p = 0.889). After 2 years, TBS significantly decreased in SM (p = 0.006), whereas M showed similar initial values (p = 0.291). Overall, less micro-permeability was found in M than the control and SM group (p < 0.001). After 2 years, fractured surfaces from capsule-containing groups failed within the adhesive layer while control fractured at the bottom of the hybrid layer. SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of PAC-filled PLA microcapsules in a dental adhesive did not affect the bond strength while increased and sustained the protection against micro-permeability in the interface, likely due to release of PACs.
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