Who Should Make Medical Decisions When a Patient Lacks an Advance Directive?

Patients admitted to the hospital with neurological problems are sometimes incapacitated and unable to make end-of-life decisions. In these instances, without an advanced directive from the patient, clinicians and family members must make critical medical decisions without input from the patient. This paper looks at two cases - one child and one adult - in which neuroprognosis was uncertain, and physician and family members' beliefs on end-of-life care clash. We provide insight into these disagreements and reflect on how best to manage them. We argue that when considering withdrawing treatment, respecting autonomy is of paramount importance, while decision-making about continuing life-sustaining treatment requires clinicians to ensure surrogates are adequately educated about the principle of beneficence.