| Literature DB >> 34937151 |
Abstract
The concept of spread through air spaces (STAS) was first proposed in the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart (version 2015). STAS is defined as the micropapillary clusters, solid nests or single cells of tumor that exist in the air spaces of the surrounding lung parenchyma beyond the edge of the main tumor. Meanwhile, apart from the traditional invasion modes of lung adenocarcinoma (interstitial, visceral pleura and lym-phovascular invasion), STAS has been identified as the fourth invasion mode of lung adenocarcinoma. In recent years, the research on STAS has been a hot spot in the field of lung adenocarcinoma. The existence of STAS is related to lung cancer histopathology, gene mutation and other factors, and many studies have also confirmed that it can be used as an independent factor for tumor recurrence and prognosis. However, according to some studies, human factors can cause morphological artifacts of STAS, which still needs to be distinguished in clinical work. This paper reviews the research progress of STAS classification, related pathological features, genetic status changes, and human factors that may cause STAS artifacts. .Entities:
Keywords: Lung adenocarcinoma; Prognosis; Spread through the air spaces
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34937151 PMCID: PMC8796127 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.101.49
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
图 1STAS的形态学特征(HE,染色A、D×100;B×200;C×40)。A:浸润性腺癌(虚线以下为肿瘤主体);虚线:肿瘤边界;红色方框:STAS;B:STAS(微乳头状及单细胞状);C:浸润性腺癌(虚线以左为肿瘤主体);虚线:肿瘤边界;红色方框:STAS;D:STAS(小巢状及单细胞状)。
Morphologic features of spread through air spaces (STAS) pattern (original magnification : ×100 in A and D; ×200 in B; ×40 in C). A: Invasive adenocarcinoma (The primary tumor is below the dotted line); Dotted line: Tumor boundary; Red box: STAS; B: STAS: Micropapillary clusters and single cells; (C) Invasive adenocarcinoma (The primary tumor is to the left of the dotted line); Dotted line: Tumor boundary; Red box: STAS; (D) STAS: Small solid nests and single cells.
STAS的出现频率及相关病理学特征
STAS frequency and pathological features
| Authors | Patients ( | Primary diagnosis | AJCC stage | STAS (%) | Histology | Mutations |
| ADC: adenocarcinoma; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; SQCC: squamous cell carcinoma; STAS: spread through air spaces; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK: anaplastic lymphoma kinase. | ||||||
| onozato 2013[ | 261 | ADC | Ⅰ-Ⅱ | 22.2% | Solid or micropapillary pattern | |
| Warth 2015[ | 569 | ADC | Ⅰ-Ⅳ | 50.6% | Micropapillary, solid or cribriform pattern | |
| Han 2021[ | 1869 | NSCLC | Ⅰ-Ⅳ | 40.9% | Micropapillary and solid pattern | |
| Kadota 2015[ | 411 | ADC | NR | 38.0% | Micropapillary and solid pattern | NR |
| Terada 2019[ | 76 | ADC | Ⅲ(N2) | 60.5% | Micropapillary and papillary pattern | NR |
| Sun 2017[ | 288 | ADC | Ⅰ-Ⅳ | 61.8% | Micropapillary pattern | |
| Alvarez 2021[ | 240 | Lung cancer | NR | 27.9% | Micropapillary pattern | NR |
| Lee 2018[ | 316 | ADC | NR | 50.6% | Micropapillary, cribriform or solid pattern | |
| Xie 2021[ | 803 | NSCLC | Ⅰ-Ⅳ | 46.1% | Micropapillary or solid pattern | NR |
| Hu 2018[ | 500 | ADC | Ⅰ-Ⅲ | 26.8% | Micropapillary or solid pattern | |
| Tian 2021[ | 878 | Lung cancer | Ⅰ-Ⅳ | 100.0% | Micropapillary or solid pattern | |
| Lu 2017[ | 445 | SCC | Ⅰ-Ⅲ | 30.0% | NR | NR |
| Shiono 2016[ | 318 | ADC | Ⅰ | 14.8% | NR | |
| Jia 2020[ | 303 | ADC | Ⅰ-Ⅳ | 60.4% | Micropapillary pattern | |
| 121 | SQCC | NR | 32.2% | NR | ||
图 2人为因素导致的STAS假象(HE,染色×100)。A:肺泡壁脱落的线性细胞带;B:肺泡壁脱落的线性细胞带;C:锯齿状细胞团簇;D:肺泡壁脱落的线性细胞带。
Morphologic artifacts of the pattern of tumor STAS caused by human factors (HE staining, ×100). A: Linear strips of cells lifted off alveolar walls; B: Linear strips of cells lifted off alveolar walls; C: Clusters of serrated cells; D: Linear strips of cells lifted off alveolar walls.