Rosa Alessia Battista1, Milena Ferraro2, Lucia Oriella Piccioni2, Mohamed Abdelwahab3, Federica Battista4, Michael John2, Mikhail Saltychev5, Sam P Most3, Mario Bussi2. 1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. battista.rosaalessia@hsr.it. 2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. 3. Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA. 4. IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 5. Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS: Rhinoplasty necessarily concerns functional and cosmetic aspects, and outcomes of both should be assessed in each patient. There has been a lack in the literature in Italian for a comprehensive tool for assessing both aspects of rhinoplasty. The objective is to translate and validate the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) into Italian. METHODS: Forward and back-translation was used. Content validity was evaluated by experts and by patient interviews. Internal consistency was assessed by a Cronbach's alpha. The structure validity was assessed by an exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Cognitive interviews of 10 rhinoplasty patients resulted in a good overall comprehension of the SCHNOS. Of the 411 respondents, 281 (32%) were women, and the average age was 33.6 (11.3) years. The alpha was excellent for both the obstruction domain (SCHNOS-O) (0.90) and the cosmetic domain (SCHNOS-C) (0.94). All the correlations between repeated measures were moderate to very strong. The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated unidimensionality of both the SCHNOS-O and the SCHNOS-C scores. CONCLUSIONS: The SCHNOS was successfully translated and validated in Italian and can be recommended for a clinical use among rhinoplasty patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
BACKGROUNDS: Rhinoplasty necessarily concerns functional and cosmetic aspects, and outcomes of both should be assessed in each patient. There has been a lack in the literature in Italian for a comprehensive tool for assessing both aspects of rhinoplasty. The objective is to translate and validate the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) into Italian. METHODS: Forward and back-translation was used. Content validity was evaluated by experts and by patient interviews. Internal consistency was assessed by a Cronbach's alpha. The structure validity was assessed by an exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Cognitive interviews of 10 rhinoplasty patients resulted in a good overall comprehension of the SCHNOS. Of the 411 respondents, 281 (32%) were women, and the average age was 33.6 (11.3) years. The alpha was excellent for both the obstruction domain (SCHNOS-O) (0.90) and the cosmetic domain (SCHNOS-C) (0.94). All the correlations between repeated measures were moderate to very strong. The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated unidimensionality of both the SCHNOS-O and the SCHNOS-C scores. CONCLUSIONS: The SCHNOS was successfully translated and validated in Italian and can be recommended for a clinical use among rhinoplasty patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Authors: Sara Rahavi-Ezabadi; Sam P Most; Mikhail Saltychev; Amir Arvin Sazgar; Sami P Moubayed; Babak Saedi Journal: JAMA Facial Plast Surg Date: 2018-12-01 Impact factor: 4.611
Authors: Mohamed Abdelwahab; Mikhail Saltychev; Noha A Elkholy; Hossam Elsisi; Sami P Moubayed; Sam P Most Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Date: 2019-03 Impact factor: 4.730
Authors: Michele A Manahan; Fred Fedok; Caryn Davidson; Jamil Ahmad; Minas Constantinides; Richard Davis; Oren Friedman; Robert Gilman; Lisa Ishii; Geoffrey Keyes; Samuel J Lin; Benjamin Marcus; Alan Matarasso; Sam P Most; Faisal Quereshy; Sammy Sinno; Derek Steinbacher; Travis Tollefson; Rod J Rohrich Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Date: 2021-02-01 Impact factor: 4.730