Soma Vankwani1, Asma Ansari1, Abid Azhar1, Saddia Galani2. 1. The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. 2. The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. sadia.galani@kibge.edu.pk.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to global health. The combinatorial use of two or more compounds to develop a new formulation may overcome the emerging cases of drug resistance. Moringa oleifera has been utilized as a strong nutritional, immunomodulator and therapeutic agent for decades. In this study, different parts of Moringa oleifera were screened for bioactive compounds that can act as a resistance modifying agent for multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs). METHODOLOGY: Initially, the combined effect of stem bark extracts and ampicillin was calculated by checkerboard assay. Active compounds of effective extract were assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) were calculated to evaluate the synergistic behavior of stem bark extract with ampicillin. To study the blocking of resistance pathways of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) western blot was performed. RESULTS: The results revealed that stem bark has significant anti-MRSA activity. The methanolic extract of stem bark in combination with ampicillin showed the highest synergistic effect (FICI value ≤ 0.237) against MRSA. Killing kinetics and membrane potential of ampicillin alone and in combination revealed an increase in the inhibitory potential of ampicillin against MRSA. Decolourization in iodometric assay confirmed the inhibition of β-lactamase, western blot results confirmed the blocking of penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) expression with the restoration of MRSA sensitivity against β-lactams. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark has bioactive compounds and can be used as an adjuvant with antibiotics to modify the resistance of MDROs.
INTRODUCTION: The antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to global health. The combinatorial use of two or more compounds to develop a new formulation may overcome the emerging cases of drug resistance. Moringa oleifera has been utilized as a strong nutritional, immunomodulator and therapeutic agent for decades. In this study, different parts of Moringa oleifera were screened for bioactive compounds that can act as a resistance modifying agent for multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs). METHODOLOGY: Initially, the combined effect of stem bark extracts and ampicillin was calculated by checkerboard assay. Active compounds of effective extract were assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) were calculated to evaluate the synergistic behavior of stem bark extract with ampicillin. To study the blocking of resistance pathways of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) western blot was performed. RESULTS: The results revealed that stem bark has significant anti-MRSA activity. The methanolic extract of stem bark in combination with ampicillin showed the highest synergistic effect (FICI value ≤ 0.237) against MRSA. Killing kinetics and membrane potential of ampicillin alone and in combination revealed an increase in the inhibitory potential of ampicillin against MRSA. Decolourization in iodometric assay confirmed the inhibition of β-lactamase, western blot results confirmed the blocking of penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) expression with the restoration of MRSA sensitivity against β-lactams. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark has bioactive compounds and can be used as an adjuvant with antibiotics to modify the resistance of MDROs.
Authors: Evelien Gerits; Eline Blommaert; Anna Lippell; Alex J O'Neill; Bram Weytjens; Dries De Maeyer; Ana Carolina Fierro; Kathleen Marchal; Arnaud Marchand; Patrick Chaltin; Pieter Spincemaille; Katrijn De Brucker; Karin Thevissen; Bruno P A Cammue; Toon Swings; Veerle Liebens; Maarten Fauvart; Natalie Verstraeten; Jan Michiels Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-05-11 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Wei Liu; Li Ping Li; Jun Dong Zhang; Qun Li; Hui Shen; Si Min Chen; Li Juan He; Lan Yan; Guo Tong Xu; Mao Mao An; Yuan Ying Jiang Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-07-24 Impact factor: 3.240