Joane Matta1, Emmanuel Wiernik1, Olivier Robineau2,3, Fabrice Carrat3, Mathilde Touvier4, Gianluca Severi5,6, Xavier de Lamballerie7, Hélène Blanché8, Jean-François Deleuze8, Clément Gouraud9, Nicolas Hoertel10, Brigitte Ranque11, Marcel Goldberg1, Marie Zins1, Cédric Lemogne12. 1. Université de Paris, "Population-based Cohorts Unit," Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Saclay University, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMS 011, Paris, France. 2. Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, ULR 2694-METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France. 3. Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France. 4. Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France. 5. Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. 6. Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti," University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 7. Unité des Virus Emergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. 8. Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France. 9. AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, Paris, France. 10. Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France. 11. Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, DMU endocrinologie, ophtalmologie, médecine infectieuse, médecine interne & immunologie, médecine sociale, Service de Médecine interne, Paris, France. 12. Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, INSERM, IPNP, UMR_S1266, Paris, France.
Abstract
Importance: After an infection by SARS-CoV-2, many patients present with persistent physical symptoms that may impair their quality of life. Beliefs regarding the causes of these symptoms may influence their perception and promote maladaptive health behaviors. Objective: To examine the associations of self-reported COVID-19 infection and SARS-CoV-2 serology test results with persistent physical symptoms (eg, fatigue, breathlessness, or impaired attention) in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants: Participants in this cross-sectional analysis were 26 823 individuals from the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, included between 2012 and 2019, who took part in the nested SAPRIS and SAPRIS-SERO surveys. Between May and November 2020, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Between December 2020 and January 2021, the participants reported whether they believed they had experienced COVID-19 infection and had physical symptoms during the previous 4 weeks that had persisted for at least 8 weeks. Participants who reported having an initial COVID-19 infection only after completing the serology test were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures: Logistic regressions for each persistent symptom as the outcome were computed in models including both self-reported COVID-19 infection and serology test results and adjusting for age, sex, income, and educational level. Results: Of 35 852 volunteers invited to participate in the study, 26 823 (74.8%) with complete data were included in the present study (mean [SD] age, 49.4 [12.9] years; 13 731 women [51.2%]). Self-reported infection was positively associated with persistent physical symptoms, with odds ratios ranging from 1.39 (95% CI, 1.03-1.86) to 16.37 (95% CI, 10.21-26.24) except for hearing impairment (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.82-2.55) and sleep problems (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.89-1.46). A serology test result positive for SARS-COV-2 was positively associated only with persistent anosmia (odds ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.66-4.46), even when restricting the analyses to participants who attributed their symptoms to COVID-19 infection. Further adjusting for self-rated health or depressive symptoms yielded similar results. There was no significant interaction between belief and serology test results. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cross-sectional analysis of a large, population-based French cohort suggest that persistent physical symptoms after COVID-19 infection may be associated more with the belief in having been infected with SARS-CoV-2 than with having laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Further research in this area should consider underlying mechanisms that may not be specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A medical evaluation of these patients may be needed to prevent symptoms due to another disease being erroneously attributed to "long COVID."
Importance: After an infection by SARS-CoV-2, many patients present with persistent physical symptoms that may impair their quality of life. Beliefs regarding the causes of these symptoms may influence their perception and promote maladaptive health behaviors. Objective: To examine the associations of self-reported COVID-19 infection and SARS-CoV-2 serology test results with persistent physical symptoms (eg, fatigue, breathlessness, or impaired attention) in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants: Participants in this cross-sectional analysis were 26 823 individuals from the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, included between 2012 and 2019, who took part in the nested SAPRIS and SAPRIS-SERO surveys. Between May and November 2020, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Between December 2020 and January 2021, the participants reported whether they believed they had experienced COVID-19 infection and had physical symptoms during the previous 4 weeks that had persisted for at least 8 weeks. Participants who reported having an initial COVID-19 infection only after completing the serology test were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures: Logistic regressions for each persistent symptom as the outcome were computed in models including both self-reported COVID-19 infection and serology test results and adjusting for age, sex, income, and educational level. Results: Of 35 852 volunteers invited to participate in the study, 26 823 (74.8%) with complete data were included in the present study (mean [SD] age, 49.4 [12.9] years; 13 731 women [51.2%]). Self-reported infection was positively associated with persistent physical symptoms, with odds ratios ranging from 1.39 (95% CI, 1.03-1.86) to 16.37 (95% CI, 10.21-26.24) except for hearing impairment (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.82-2.55) and sleep problems (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.89-1.46). A serology test result positive for SARS-COV-2 was positively associated only with persistent anosmia (odds ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.66-4.46), even when restricting the analyses to participants who attributed their symptoms to COVID-19 infection. Further adjusting for self-rated health or depressive symptoms yielded similar results. There was no significant interaction between belief and serology test results. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cross-sectional analysis of a large, population-based French cohort suggest that persistent physical symptoms after COVID-19 infection may be associated more with the belief in having been infected with SARS-CoV-2 than with having laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Further research in this area should consider underlying mechanisms that may not be specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A medical evaluation of these patients may be needed to prevent symptoms due to another disease being erroneously attributed to "long COVID."
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Authors: Rhys I Beaudry; Andrew R Brotto; Rhea A Varughese; Stephanie de Waal; Desi P Fuhr; Ronald W Damant; Giovanni Ferrara; Grace Y Lam; Maeve P Smith; Michael K Stickland Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2022-07-06 Impact factor: 4.755
Authors: Arielle Elkrief; Julie T Wu; Chinmay Jani; Kyle T Enriquez; Michael Glover; Mansi R Shah; Hira Ghazal Shaikh; Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel; Benjamin French; Sachin R Jhawar; Douglas B Johnson; Rana R McKay; Donna R Rivera; Daniel Y Reuben; Surbhi Shah; Stacey L Tinianov; Donald Cuong Vinh; Sanjay Mishra; Jeremy L Warner Journal: Cancer Discov Date: 2021-12-10 Impact factor: 38.272
Authors: Lise Lund Berven; Joel Selvakumar; Lise Havdal; Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud; Gunnar Einvik; Truls Michael Leegaard; Trygve Tjade; Annika E Michelsen; Tom Eirik Mollnes; Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2022-02-09 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Anou M Somboro; Yacouba Cissoko; Issiaka Camara; Ousmane Kodio; Mohamed Tolofoudie; Etienne Dembele; Antieme C G Togo; Djibril M Ba; Yeya Dit Sadio Sarro; Bocar Baya; Seydou Samake; Ibrahim B Diallo; Alisha Kumar; Mohamed Traore; Bourahima Kone; Amadou Kone; Bassirou Diarra; Djeneba K Dabitao; Mamadou Wague; Garan Dabo; Seydou Doumbia; Jane L Holl; Robert L Murphy; Souleymane Diallo; Almoustapha I Maiga; Mamoudou Maiga; Sounkalo Dao Journal: Viruses Date: 2022-01-07 Impact factor: 5.048
Authors: Michael J Peluso; J Daniel Kelly; Scott Lu; Sarah A Goldberg; Michelle C Davidson; Sujata Mathur; Matthew S Durstenfeld; Matthew A Spinelli; Rebecca Hoh; Viva Tai; Emily A Fehrman; Leonel Torres; Yanel Hernandez; Meghann C Williams; Mireya I Arreguin; Lynn H Ngo; Monika Deswal; Sadie E Munter; Enrique O Martinez; Khamal A Anglin; Mariela D Romero; Jacqueline Tavs; Paulina R Rugart; Jessica Y Chen; Hannah M Sans; Victoria W Murray; Payton K Ellis; Kevin C Donohue; Jonathan A Massachi; Jacob O Weiss; Irum Mehdi; Jesus Pineda-Ramirez; Alex F Tang; Megan A Wenger; Melissa T Assenzio; Yan Yuan; Melissa R Krone; Rachel L Rutishauser; Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer; Bryan Greenhouse; John A Sauceda; Monica Gandhi; Aaron Wolfe Scheffler; Priscilla Y Hsue; Timothy J Henrich; Steven G Deeks; Jeffrey N Martin Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Date: 2021-12-21 Impact factor: 4.423