| Literature DB >> 34727190 |
Carolin F Manthey1, Dominik Reher2, Samuel Huber3.
Abstract
The prevalence of the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (CIBD) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is on the rise worldwide. In Germany CIBDs are also a significant healthcare problem. The pathogenesis is complex and involves genetic factors, environmental aspects and changes in the immunological constitution. Furthermore, the gut microbiota plays a role in the maintenance of intestinal inflammation. Fortunately, several new drugs, in particular biologicals, have been approved for the treatment of CIBDs. The treatment of UC is mainly based on 5‑aminosalicylic acid formulations, preferably as a topical form for distal colitis and proctitis as well as local budesonide formulations. In the case of extensive spread, high disease activity and refractory disease antibodies (biologicals) are successfully used, similar to CD. In addition to anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab), vedolizumab, an anti-integrin antibody and the interleukin 12/23 antibody ustekinumab can be successfully used. The intravenous and also subcutaneous administration of antibodies are increasing in importance and are now available for all forms. Furthermore, the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib is an orally administered option for UC. Clinical scores, endoscopy, ultrasound, laboratory parameters and calprotectin determination in stool are employed to evaluate treatment response (treat to target approach). Ultimately, the long-term goal is mucosal healing. Despite advances in the pharmaceutical treatment, a significant number of patients with CIBD still suffer from treatment refractory courses and need surgery at some time during the disease.Entities:
Keywords: Colitis, ulcerative; Crohn disease; Mesalazine; Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors; Vedolizumab
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34727190 PMCID: PMC8561375 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01207-6
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Internist (Berl) ISSN: 0020-9554 Impact factor: 0.743

| Hohes Risiko (jedes Jahr) | Intermediäres Risiko (alle 2–3 Jahre) | Geringes Risiko (alle 4 Jahre) |
|---|---|---|
| Ausgedehnte Kolitis mit hochgradiger Entzündung | Kolitis mit mittlerer bis milder Entzündung | Keines der vorgenannten Kriterien liegt vor |
| Verwandter ersten Grades mit KRK <50. LJ | Verwandter ersten Grades mit KRK >50. LJ | |
| Intraepitheliale Neoplasie in den letzten 5 Jahren | Viele Pseudopolypen | |
| PSC (jährlich ab Diagnosestellung) | ||
| Stenose |
Bei Erfüllung eines Kriteriums gilt das jeweils höchste Risiko
KRK kolorektales Karzinom, LJ Lebensjahr, PSC primär sklerosierende Cholangitis
| Substanz | Wirkmechanismus | Dosierung | Darreichungsform | Indikation | Remissionsinduktion | Erhaltungstherapie |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azathioprin | Purinantagonist | 2,5 mg/kgKG | Oral | MC, UC | Nein | ✔ |
| 6‑Mercaptopurin | Purinantagonist | 1,5 mg/kgKG | Oral | MC, UC | Nein | ✔ |
| Infliximab | Anti-TNF | 5 mg/kgKG–10 mg/kgKG in Woche 0, 2, 6, dann alle 8 Wochen i.v. (bzw. 120 mg s.c., ab Woche 6 alle 2 Wochen) | i.v. und s.c. | MC, UC | ✔ | ✔ |
| Adalimumab | Anti-TNF | 160 mg in Woche 0, 80 mg in Woche 2, dann 40 mg alle 2 Wochen | s.c. | MC, UC | ✔ | ✔ |
| Golimumab | Anti-TNF | 200 mg in Woche 0, 100 mg in Woche 2, dann 100 mg/4 Wochen | s.c. | UC | ✔ | ✔ |
| Vedolizumab | Antiintegrin (α4β7) | 300 mg in Woche 0, 2, 6, dann alle 8 Wochen (bzw. 108 mg s.c. ab Woche 6 alle 2 Wochen) | i.v. und s.c. | MC, UC | ✔ | ✔ |
| Ustekinumab | Anti-IL-12/23 | 260–520 mg in Woche 0 90 mg s.c. alle 8–12 Wochen | i.v. und s.c. | MC, UC | ✔ | ✔ |
| Tofacitinib | Januskinaseinhibitor | 2‑mal 10 mg/Tag, nach 8 Wochen 2‑mal 5 mg/Tag | Oral | UC | ✔ | ✔ |
| Methotrexat | Antimetabolit | 15–25 mg/Woche | Oral und s.c. | MC, UC | Nein | ✔ |
| Ciclosporin | Calcineurininhibitor | 2 mg/kgKG i.v. initial, dann 4 mg/kgKG oral | Oral und i.v. | UC | ✔ | ✔ |
IL Interleukin, MC Morbus Crohn, TNF Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor, UC Colitis ulcerosa
| Anti-TNF | Positive ADA | Negative ADA |
|---|---|---|
| Spiegel niedrig | Wechsel Anti-TNF, ggf. + Thiopurin | Dosiserhöhung und Kontrolle |
| Spiegel gut | Erwägen: – Kontrolle im Verlauf – Wechsel Anti-TNF, ggf. + Thiopurin – Steroide – Operation | Erwägen: – Klassenwechsel – Steroide – Operation |
ADA „anti-drug antibodies“ (gegen Wirkstoff gerichtete Antikörper), TNF Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor
