John E Brush1, Alexandra M Hajduk2, Erich J Greene3, Rachel P Dreyer4, Harlan M Krumholz5, Sarwat I Chaudhry6. 1. Sentara Healthcare and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk. Electronic address: jebrush@mac.com. 2. Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 3. Department of Health Policy and Management and Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 4. Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Yale School of Public Health; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn. 5. Department of Health Policy and Management and Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Yale School of Public Health; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn. 6. Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinicians make a medical diagnosis by recognizing diagnostic possibilities, often using memories of prior examples. These memories, called "exemplars," reflect specific symptom combinations in individual patients, yet most clinical studies report how symptoms aggregate in populations. We studied how symptoms of acute myocardial infarction combine in individuals as symptom phenotypes and how symptom phenotypes are distributed in women and men. METHODS: In this analysis of the SILVER-AMI Study, we studied 3041 patients (1346 women and 1645 men) 75 years of age or older with acute myocardial infarction. Each patient had a standardized in-person interview during the acute myocardial infarction admission to document the presenting symptoms, which enabled a thorough examination of symptom combinations in individuals. Specific symptom combinations defined symptom phenotypes and distributions of symptom phenotypes were compared in women and men using Monte Carlo permutation testing and repeated subsampling. RESULTS: There were 1469 unique symptom phenotypes in the entire SILVER-AMI cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction. There were 831 unique symptom phenotypes in women, as compared with 819 in men, which was highly significant, given the larger number of men than women in the study (P < .0001). Women had significantly more symptom phenotypes than men in almost all acute myocardial infarction subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients with acute myocardial infarction have enormous variation in symptom phenotypes. Women reported more symptoms and had significantly more symptom phenotypes than men. Appreciation of the diversity of symptom phenotypes may help clinicians recognize the less common phenotypes that occur more often in women.
BACKGROUND: Clinicians make a medical diagnosis by recognizing diagnostic possibilities, often using memories of prior examples. These memories, called "exemplars," reflect specific symptom combinations in individual patients, yet most clinical studies report how symptoms aggregate in populations. We studied how symptoms of acute myocardial infarction combine in individuals as symptom phenotypes and how symptom phenotypes are distributed in women and men. METHODS: In this analysis of the SILVER-AMI Study, we studied 3041 patients (1346 women and 1645 men) 75 years of age or older with acute myocardial infarction. Each patient had a standardized in-person interview during the acute myocardial infarction admission to document the presenting symptoms, which enabled a thorough examination of symptom combinations in individuals. Specific symptom combinations defined symptom phenotypes and distributions of symptom phenotypes were compared in women and men using Monte Carlo permutation testing and repeated subsampling. RESULTS: There were 1469 unique symptom phenotypes in the entire SILVER-AMI cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction. There were 831 unique symptom phenotypes in women, as compared with 819 in men, which was highly significant, given the larger number of men than women in the study (P < .0001). Women had significantly more symptom phenotypes than men in almost all acute myocardial infarction subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients with acute myocardial infarction have enormous variation in symptom phenotypes. Women reported more symptoms and had significantly more symptom phenotypes than men. Appreciation of the diversity of symptom phenotypes may help clinicians recognize the less common phenotypes that occur more often in women.
Authors: Viola Vaccarino; Saif S Rathore; Nanette K Wenger; Paul D Frederick; Jerome L Abramson; Hal V Barron; Ajay Manhapra; Susmita Mallik; Harlan M Krumholz Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2005-08-18 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Weihong Guo; Xue Du; Yan Gao; Shuang Hu; Yuan Lu; Rachel P Dreyer; Xi Li; Erica S Spatz; Frederick A Masoudi; Harlan M Krumholz; Xin Zheng Journal: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes Date: 2022-05-24