Sarah M Peitzmeier1, Andrea L Wirtz2, Elizabeth Humes2, Jaclyn M W Hughto3, Erin Cooney2, Sari L Reisner4. 1. University of Michigan School of Nursing, Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, United States. Electronic address: speitzme@umich.edu. 2. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, United States. 3. Brown University, Departments of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Epidemiology, United States. 4. Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, United States; Department of Epidemiology, United States; The Fenway Institute, United States.
Abstract
STUDY/RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a brief intimate partner violence (IPV) scale that screens for controlling behaviors and psychological abuse tactics directed toward transgender individuals. RATIONALE: Transgender individuals are at elevated risk of physical and sexual IPV compared to cisgender individuals. IPV often takes on unique dimensions against transgender individuals, such as when an abusive partner threatens to "out" the transgender person, or use other tactics that weaponize transphobia within the relationship. Standard IPV screeners do not assess this type of transgender-specific IPV (T-IPV). METHODS: Between March 2018 and October 2019, a T-IPV scale was tested in two samples (in-person and online) of transfeminine adults (i.e. assigned a male sex at birth and identify with femininity) from the eastern and southern U.S. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the in-person sample (N = 661) to assess construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then used in an independent online sample (N = 481). Using the combined sample (N = 1137), convergent validity was assessed using correlations with other forms of victimization. Multivariable regression models were fit to estimate the relationship between T-IPV and health outcomes. RESULTS: Factor analyses yielded an 8-item unidimensional scale with moderate to good fit. Nearly half the sample (48.7%) experienced at least one scale item. Internal consistency reliability was strong (KR-20 = 0.827). Significant correlations with other forms of victimization indicated convergent validity. Lifetime T-IPV was significantly associated with psychological distress (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.53), PTSD (aPR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.31, 1.72), alcohol abuse (aPR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.44), and drug use disorder (aPR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.06, 2.59). CONCLUSIONS: This T-IPV scale is a reliable and unidimensional measure with strong construct validity. T-IPV is independently associated with mental health burden and substance use. Service providers working with transgender clients should screen for T-IPV to avoid missing cases of IPV, and refer to violence response services.
STUDY/RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a brief intimate partner violence (IPV) scale that screens for controlling behaviors and psychological abuse tactics directed toward transgender individuals. RATIONALE: Transgender individuals are at elevated risk of physical and sexual IPV compared to cisgender individuals. IPV often takes on unique dimensions against transgender individuals, such as when an abusive partner threatens to "out" the transgender person, or use other tactics that weaponize transphobia within the relationship. Standard IPV screeners do not assess this type of transgender-specific IPV (T-IPV). METHODS: Between March 2018 and October 2019, a T-IPV scale was tested in two samples (in-person and online) of transfeminine adults (i.e. assigned a male sex at birth and identify with femininity) from the eastern and southern U.S. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the in-person sample (N = 661) to assess construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then used in an independent online sample (N = 481). Using the combined sample (N = 1137), convergent validity was assessed using correlations with other forms of victimization. Multivariable regression models were fit to estimate the relationship between T-IPV and health outcomes. RESULTS: Factor analyses yielded an 8-item unidimensional scale with moderate to good fit. Nearly half the sample (48.7%) experienced at least one scale item. Internal consistency reliability was strong (KR-20 = 0.827). Significant correlations with other forms of victimization indicated convergent validity. Lifetime T-IPV was significantly associated with psychological distress (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.53), PTSD (aPR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.31, 1.72), alcohol abuse (aPR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.44), and drug use disorder (aPR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.06, 2.59). CONCLUSIONS: This T-IPV scale is a reliable and unidimensional measure with strong construct validity. T-IPV is independently associated with mental health burden and substance use. Service providers working with transgender clients should screen for T-IPV to avoid missing cases of IPV, and refer to violence response services.
Authors: Claudia Garcia-Moreno; Henrica A F M Jansen; Mary Ellsberg; Lori Heise; Charlotte H Watts Journal: Lancet Date: 2006-10-07 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Rachel C Garthe; Marco A Hidalgo; Jane Hereth; Robert Garofalo; Sari L Reisner; Matthew J Mimiaga; Lisa Kuhns Journal: LGBT Health Date: 2018-07-30 Impact factor: 4.151
Authors: Carmen H Logie; Ying Wang; Ashley Lacombe-Duncan; Nicolette Jones; Uzma Ahmed; Kandasi Levermore; Ava Neil; Tyrone Ellis; Nicolette Bryan; Annecka Marshall; Peter A Newman Journal: J Int AIDS Soc Date: 2017-04-06 Impact factor: 5.396
Authors: Andrea L Wirtz; Tonia Poteat; Asa Radix; Keri N Althoff; Christopher M Cannon; Andrew J Wawrzyniak; Erin Cooney; Kenneth H Mayer; Chris Beyrer; Allan E Rodriguez; Sari L Reisner Journal: JMIR Res Protoc Date: 2019-10-03