Jaclyn M White Hughto1, Sari L Reisner2, John E Pachankis3. 1. Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: Jaclyn.White@Yale.edu. 2. The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Transgender people in the United States experience widespread prejudice, discrimination, violence, and other forms of stigma. OBJECTIVE: This critical review aims to integrate the literature on stigma towards transgender people in the U.S. RESULTS: This review demonstrates that transgender stigma limits opportunities and access to resources in a number of critical domains (e.g., employment, healthcare), persistently affecting the physical and mental health of transgender people. The applied social ecological model employed here elucidates that transgender stigma operates at multiple levels (i.e., individual, interpersonal, structural) to impact health. Stigma prevention and coping interventions hold promise for reducing stigma and its adverse health-related effects in transgender populations. CONCLUSION: Additional research is needed to document the causal relationship between stigma and adverse health as well as the mediators and moderators of stigma in US transgender populations. Multi-level interventions to prevent stigma towards transgender people are warranted.
RATIONALE: Transgender people in the United States experience widespread prejudice, discrimination, violence, and other forms of stigma. OBJECTIVE: This critical review aims to integrate the literature on stigma towards transgender people in the U.S. RESULTS: This review demonstrates that transgender stigma limits opportunities and access to resources in a number of critical domains (e.g., employment, healthcare), persistently affecting the physical and mental health of transgender people. The applied social ecological model employed here elucidates that transgender stigma operates at multiple levels (i.e., individual, interpersonal, structural) to impact health. Stigma prevention and coping interventions hold promise for reducing stigma and its adverse health-related effects in transgender populations. CONCLUSION: Additional research is needed to document the causal relationship between stigma and adverse health as well as the mediators and moderators of stigma in US transgender populations. Multi-level interventions to prevent stigma towards transgender people are warranted.
Authors: Vickie M Mays; Robert-Paul Juster; Timothy J Williamson; Teresa E Seeman; Susan D Cochran Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2018 Jul/Aug Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: A D Fisher; G Castellini; J Ristori; H Casale; G Giovanardi; N Carone; E Fanni; M Mosconi; G Ciocca; E A Jannini; V Ricca; V Lingiardi; M Maggi Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2016-09-17 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: Kristi E Gamarel; Kimberly M Nelson; Rob Stephenson; Olga J Santiago Rivera; Danielle Chiaramonte; Robin Lin Miller Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2018-02